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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Digital Diagnostics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Digital Diagnostics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Digital Diagnostics</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>Digital Diagnostics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2712-8490</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2712-8962</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">110857</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/DD110857</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Study Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>原创性科研成果</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Substantiation of a new approach to the criteria for assessing the radiation dose of patients during computed tomography</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Обоснование нового подхода к критериям оценки дозы облучения пациентов при компьютерной томографии</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>在计算机断层扫描中估计病人剂量的标准的新方法的论证</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5917-7706</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5546-4830</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Matkevich</surname><given-names>Elena I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маткевич</surname><given-names>Елена Ивановна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Matkevich</surname><given-names>Elena I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><email>pencil_red@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5649-2193</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8449-6590</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sinitsyn</surname><given-names>Valentin Е.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Синицын</surname><given-names>Валентин Евгеньевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Sinitsyn</surname><given-names>Valentin Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><email>vsini@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7729-2724</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9888-2780</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanov</surname><given-names>Ivan V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванов</surname><given-names>Иван Васильевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Ivanov</surname><given-names>Ivan V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><email>ivanov-iv@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Государственный научный центр Российской Федерации ― Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр имени А.И. Бурназяна</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.V. Davydovsky City Clinical Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Городская клиническая больница имени И.В. Давыдовского</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">I.V. Davydovsky City Clinical Hospital</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">State Scientific-Research Test Institute of Military Medicine</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Государственный научно-исследовательский испытательный институт военной медицины</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">State Scientific-Research Test Institute of Military Medicine</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2022-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-12-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>3</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>344</fpage><lpage>361</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-09-09"><day>09</day><month>09</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-11-28"><day>28</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Эко-вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2022, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-вектор</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://jdigitaldiagnostics.com/DD/article/view/110857">https://jdigitaldiagnostics.com/DD/article/view/110857</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold><italic>BACKGROUND</italic></bold><italic>:</italic> In accordance with the requirements of the IAEA basic safety standards and the International Commission on Radiation Protection, comparing the radiation dose for patients undergoing computed tomography (CT) in diagnostic and treatment clinics with national or international DRLs is important for controlling medical radiation doses. The search for ways to improve DRLs calculations determines the relevance of such studies.</p> <p><bold><italic>AIM</italic></bold><italic>: </italic>To analyze the dependence of effective doses (EDs) in CT of different body parts on patient’s weight and to calculate the standard ED for the patient (70 and 80 kg).</p> <p><bold><italic>MATERIALS AND METHODS</italic></bold><italic>: </italic>CT acquisition protocols in 209 patients were single phase (SP) CT, while 114 patients underwent multi-phase (MP) CT. ED was calculated according to the normalized coefficients for each body area. The values of standard ED was calculated by data approximation using linear function of ED relatively body weight for each type CT scanner and body area scanned.</p> <p><bold><italic>RESULTS</italic></bold><italic>: </italic>The increase in ED following a CT examination was proportional to the body weight of patients. For SP and MP CT scans, the standard EDs were calculated according to all body areas. The mean ED, median ED, and DRLs (mSv) in these groups was slightly higher than standard ED (mSv) if the criterion was 70 kg and were close to standard ED if the criterion was 80 kg. These values give a basis for improving the guidelines concerning the recommended limits of radiation doses for CT in individual patients according to indications and body parts studied.</p> <p><bold><italic>CONCLUSIONS</italic></bold><italic>: </italic>In the study, a methodology for assessing and comparing the dose of CT-radiation at two hospitals in the two CT scanners, considering weight of a standard patient, is described. Our results show that the calculation and analysis of the standard ED of CT-examining areas of the body instead of mean ED and median ED help to compare the radiation exposure in different medical facilities more properly. Given the recent sharp increase in the number of CT studies, not exceeding the standard ED for patients with CT will reduce the long-term consequences in the form of oncological pathology among the population.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold><italic>Обоснование</italic></bold><italic>.</italic> В период резкого возрастания количества исследований с применением компьютерной томографии (КТ) повышается актуальность совершенствования методов контроля дозы облучения пациентов в целях непревышения рекомендуемых уровней.</p> <p><bold><italic>Цель</italic></bold> ― проанализировать зависимость эффективной дозы при компьютерной томографии различных областей тела от массы пациента и рассчитать стандартную эффективную дозу для пациентов массой 70 кг и 80 кг.</p> <p><bold><italic>Материалы и методы</italic></bold><italic>. </italic>Проанализированы протоколы КТ-исследований ― однофазных (209 пациентов) и многофазных (114 пациентов). Эффективную дозу рассчитывали в соответствии с нормализованными коэффициентами для каждой области тела (голова, грудная клетка, брюшная полость и малый таз). Значения стандартной эффективной дозы рассчитывали путём аппроксимации данных с использованием линейной функции эффективной дозы относительно массы тела для стандартного пациента массой 70 кг или 80 кг для каждого типа КТ-сканера и сканируемой области тела.</p> <p><bold><italic>Результаты</italic></bold><italic>.</italic> Установлено, что при КТ-исследовании эффективная доза увеличивается пропорционально массе тела пациентов. Рассчитаны и сопоставлены значения средней эффективной дозы, медианной эффективной дозы, референтных диагностических уровней (мЗв) со стандартной эффективной дозой (мЗв) при однофазной и многофазной компьютерной томографии. Во всех сравниваемых группах эти показатели были несколько выше, чем стандартная эффективная доза, если критерием была масса 70 кг, и были близки к стандартной эффективной дозе, если критерием была масса 80 кг. Показана возможность использования для расчёта стандартной эффективной дозы не только данных пациентов, отобранных по стандартной массе тела, но и всего массива данных методом аппроксимации. Это может быть использовано для совершенствования руководящих принципов сравнения и стандартизации доз облучения при компьютерной томографии у пациентов по изученным областям тела.</p> <p><bold><italic>Заключение</italic></bold><italic>. </italic>В исследовании описана методика оценки и сравнения дозы КТ-излучения на примере двух больниц и двух КТ-сканеров с учётом массы стандартного пациента. Результаты показывают, что расчёт и анализ стандартной эффективной дозы для каждой области тела вместо средней эффективной дозы, медианной эффективной дозы или 75-го квантиля эффективной дозы помогают более корректно сравнивать радиационное облучение в разных медицинских учреждениях и анализировать причины превышения региональных или национальных референтных диагностических уровней. В условиях резкого увеличения числа КТ-исследований в последнее время непревышение при компьютерной томографии референтных диагностических уровней, рассчитанных по критерию стандартной эффективной дозы, призвано снизить отдалённые последствия в виде онкологической патологии среди населения.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p><bold>论证</bold>。在计算机断层扫描（CT）检查数量急剧增加的时候，改进监测病人剂量的方法越来越迫切，不要超过推荐水平。</p> <p><bold>目的是</bold>分析身体各部分CT的有效剂量（ED）对病人体重的依赖性，并计算体重70公斤和80公斤的病人的标准ED。</p> <p><bold>方法</bold>。我们分析了CT检查的协议——单相（SP）（209名患者）和多相（MP）（114名患者）。ED是根据身体各部分（头部、胸部、腹部和骨盆）的归一化系数计算的。对于每一种CT扫描仪和扫描的身体面积，使用线性ED函数与体重的关系来计算标准的ED值，标准的ED值是通过近似的数据，对于体重70公斤或80公斤的标准病人。</p> <p><bold>结果</bold>。在CT扫描中发现，ED的增加与病人体重成正比。计算了平均ED、中位ED、DRLs（mSv），并与SP和MP CT的标准ED值（mSv）进行了比较。在所有比较组中，如果标准是体重70公斤，这些指标略高于标准ED，如果标准是体重80公斤，这些指标接近标准ED。同时表现了，不仅可以使用按标准体重取样的病人的数据，而且可以通过近似法使用整个数据集来计算标准ED。按所研究的身体部分，这可以用于改进比较导则和使患者的CT辐射剂量标准化。</p> <p><bold>结论</bold>。该研究描述了一种评估和比较CT辐射剂量的方法，以两家医院和两台CT扫描仪为例，考虑到一个标准病人的体重。结果显示，不是平均ED、中位ED或75分位ED，而是计算和分析每个身体部分的标准ED，有助于更正确地比较不同医疗机构的辐射量，分析超过区域或国家的参考诊断水平（DRLs）的原因。随着最近CT检查数量的急剧增加，为了减少人口中癌症病理形式的长期后果，应该不超过CT中使用标准ED标准计算的DRLs。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>computed tomography</kwd><kwd>radiation dose</kwd><kwd>effective dose</kwd><kwd>diagnostic reference levels</kwd><kwd>body weight</kwd><kwd>correlation of data</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>компьютерная томография</kwd><kwd>радиационное облучение</kwd><kwd>эффективная доза, референтные диагностические уровни</kwd><kwd>масса тела</kwd><kwd>корреляционный анализ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>CT扫描</kwd><kwd>射线照射</kwd><kwd>有效剂量</kwd><kwd>参考诊断水平</kwd><kwd>身体质量</kwd><kwd>相关性分析</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">On the state of sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population in the Russian Federation in 2021. 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