<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Digital Diagnostics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Digital Diagnostics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Digital Diagnostics</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>Digital Diagnostics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2712-8490</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2712-8962</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">322816</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/DD322816</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Study Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>原创性科研成果</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Comparison of multiparametric and biparametric magnetic resonance imaging protocols for prostate cancer diagnosis by radiologists with different experience</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Сравнение мультипараметрического и бипараметрического протоколов магнитно-резонансной томографии для выявления рака предстательной железы рентгенологами с различным опытом</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>比较具有不同经验的放射科医生检测前列腺癌的多参数和双参数磁共振成像协议</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0208-5218</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4458-5608</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasilev</surname><given-names>Yuriy A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васильев</surname><given-names>Юрий Александрович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Vasilev</surname><given-names>Yuriy A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med)</p></bio><email>npcmr@zdrav.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0245-4431</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8948-6152</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Omelyanskaya</surname><given-names>Olga V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Омелянская</surname><given-names>Ольга Васильевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Omelyanskaya</surname><given-names>Olga V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>o.omelyanskaya@npcmr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2990-7736</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3602-7120</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vladzymyrskyy</surname><given-names>Anton V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Владзимирский</surname><given-names>Антон Вячеславович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Vladzymyrskyy</surname><given-names>Anton V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med), Professor</p></bio><email>npcmr@zdrav.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1072-2202</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4841-3234</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gelezhe</surname><given-names>Pavel B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гележе</surname><given-names>Павел Борисович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Gelezhe</surname><given-names>Pavel B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>gelezhe.pavel@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9661-0254</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8592-0558</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Reshetnikov</surname><given-names>Roman V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Решетников</surname><given-names>Роман Владимирович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Reshetnikov</surname><given-names>Roman V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>reshetnikov@fbb.msu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5161-6540</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3513-9531</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gonchar</surname><given-names>Anna P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гончар</surname><given-names>Анна Павловна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Gonchar</surname><given-names>Anna P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>a.gonchar@npcmr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2681-9378</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3306-1387</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Blokhin</surname><given-names>Ivan A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Блохин</surname><given-names>Иван Андреевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Blokhin</surname><given-names>Ivan A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>i.blokhin@npcmr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1138-0822</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6560-5219</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Abdullin</surname><given-names>Iskander I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абдуллин</surname><given-names>Искандер Ильфакович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Abdullin</surname><given-names>Iskander I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>iabdullin@emcmos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4060-5966</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2279-9141</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kieva</surname><given-names>Irina N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Киева</surname><given-names>Ирина Николаевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Kieva</surname><given-names>Irina N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>kieva.irina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow Center for Diagnostics and Telemedicine</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-практический клинический центр диагностики и телемедицинских технологий</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Moscow Center for Diagnostics and Telemedicine</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Joint stock company “European Medical Center”</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Акционерное общество «Европейский Медицинский Центр»</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Joint stock company “European Medical Center”</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Speransky Children’s Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Детская городская клиническая больница № 9 имени Г.Н. Сперанского</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Speransky Children’s Hospital</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-09-05" publication-format="electronic"><day>05</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>4</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>455</fpage><lpage>466</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-04-15"><day>15</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-06-15"><day>15</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Эко-вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-вектор</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://jdigitaldiagnostics.com/DD/article/view/322816">https://jdigitaldiagnostics.com/DD/article/view/322816</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND</bold>: Magnetic resonance imaging can detect clinically significant prostate cancer and diagnose extracapsular extension and cancer stage. A scanning protocol that includes only T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted images represents a viable alternative to multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging provided that the high diagnostic accuracy of the test is maintained. In recent studies, biparametric and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated slight differences in the diagnostic accuracy in detecting prostate cancer.</p> <p><bold>AIM</bold>: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of biparametric and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging for the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer using PI-RADS v2.1 with magnetic resonance imaging-guided multifocal biopsy as the gold standard.</p> <p><bold>MATERIALS AND METHODS</bold>: This retrospective study initially processed the medical records of 126 patients. The inclusion criteria were as follows: presence of PI-RADS 2.1 multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging, clinical information on free and bound prostate-specific antigen blood levels, a multifocal prostate biopsy performed, and a time interval between magnetic resonance imaging and biopsy of no more than 14 days. Three investigators (radiologists with &lt;2, 2–5, and &gt;5 years of experience) independently evaluated biparametric magnetic resonance imaging of the prostate for the presence of pathological foci. After 2 weeks, the researchers evaluated the multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging dataset of the prostate. Each lesion detected, starting from PI-RADS category 3, was compared with the result of a multifocal fusion biopsy. The biopsy result was presented as a sum of Gleason scores, and a Gleason score of ≥7 was considered clinically relevant. According to magnetic resonance imaging data, findings meeting PI-RADS criteria 4 and 5 were considered tumor foci.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS</bold>: The best values of sensitivity and specificity of foci detection on magnetic resonance imaging of the prostate gland were 62.5% and 74.6%, respectively. The highest diagnostic accuracy achieved was 70.1%. Magnetic resonance imaging had higher specificity rates for detecting prostatic foci when interpreted by radiologists with 2 years and &gt;5 years of experience.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION</bold>: Both biparametric and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging of the prostate demonstrated suboptimal diagnostic accuracy. The sensitivity and specificity of the method tended to improve with increasing experience of the radiologist. Biparametric protocols of prostate scanning have a definite economic advantage over multiparametric protocols because of the absence of contrast agents and consumables and a significant decrease in magnetic resonance scanner loading time; however, their use can lead to a decrease in the diagnostic accuracy of the method.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование</bold>. Проведение магнитно-резонансной томографии позволяет выявить клинически значимый рак предстательной железы, диагностировать экстракапсулярную экстензию, стадировать онкологический процесс. Протокол сканирования, включающий только Т2-взвешенные и диффузионно-взвешенные изображения, представляет собой жизнеспособную альтернативу мультипараметрической магнитно-резонансной томографии при условии сохранения высокой диагностической точности теста. В недавних исследованиях диагностическая точность бипараметрической и мультипараметрической магнитно-резонансной томографии в выявлении рака предстательной железы продемонстрировала незначительные различия.</p> <p><bold>Цель</bold> ― сравнение диагностической точности бипараметрической и мультипараметрической магнитно-резонансной томографии для выявления клинически значимого рака предстательной железы по системе PI-RADS v2.1 с использованием мультифокальной биопсии под контролем магнитно-резонансной томографии в качестве золотого стандарта.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы</bold>. Данное исследование является ретроспективным. Мы изначально обработали записи историй болезни 126 пациентов. Критериями включения в исследование были наличие мультипараметрической магнитно-резонансной томографии по стандарту PI-RADS 2.1, клинической информации об уровнях свободного и связанного простатспецифического антигена крови, мультифокальной биопсии предстательной железы при соблюдении временного интервала между магнитно-резонансной томографией и биопсией не более 14 дней. Три исследователя (врачи-рентгенологи с опытом работы менее 2 лет, от 2 до 5 лет, более 5 лет соответственно) независимо друг от друга оценивали бипараметрическую магнитно-резонансную томографию предстательной железы на предмет наличия патологических очагов. Спустя 2 недели исследователи оценивали датасет мультипараметрической магнитно-резонансной томографии предстательной железы. Каждый выявленный очаг, начиная с категории PI-RADS 3, сопоставлялся с результатом мультифокальной фьюжн-биопсии. Результат биопсии представлялся в виде суммы значений по шкале Gleason, при этом к клинически значимым данным биопсии относилась сумма Gleason 7 и выше. Опухолевыми очагами по данным магнитно-резонансной томографии считались находки, соответствующие критериям PI-RADS 4 и 5.</p> <p><bold>Результаты</bold>. Наилучшие показатели чувствительности и специфичности выявления очагов на магнитно-резонансной томографии предстательной железы ― 62,5 и 74,6% соответственно. Наивысшая достигнутая диагностическая точность составила 70,1%. Мультипараметрическая магнитно-резонансная томография обладает более высокими показателями специфичности выявления очагов предстательной железы при интерпретации рентгенологами с опытом работы менее 2 лет и более 5 лет.</p> <p><bold>Заключение</bold>. Как бипараметрическая, так и мультипараметрическая магнитно-резонансная томография предстательной железы продемонстрировала неоптимальные показатели диагностической точности. Имеется тенденция к улучшению чувствительности и специфичности метода с увеличением опыта работы рентгенолога. Бипараметрические протоколы сканирования предстательной железы имеют безусловное экономическое преимущество перед мультипараметрическими за счёт отсутствия расходов на контрастное вещество и расходные материалы и значительного снижения времени загрузки МР-сканера, однако их использование может привести к снижению диагностической точности метода.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>论证。磁共振成像（MRI）允许发现有临床意义的前列腺癌、诊断囊外扩展并对癌症发展进行分期。如果扫描协议仅包括T2加权和弥散加权图像，只要检查的诊断准确度保持较高水平，其就能很好地替代多参数磁共振成像。在最近的研究中，双参数（bpMRI）和多参 数（mpMRI）磁共振成像在检测前列腺癌方面的诊断准确度差别不大。</p> <p>该研究的目的是比较bpMRI和mpMRI在检测有临床意义的前列腺癌方面的诊断准确度。比较是根据PI-RADS v2.1系统进行的，以MRI引导下的多点活检为金标准。</p> <p>材料和方法。本研究是一项回顾性研究。我们初步处理了126名患者的病史。纳入标准 为：（1）符合PI-RADS 2.1标准的mpMRI；（2）血液中游离和结合前列腺特异性抗原水平的临床信息；（3）前列腺多点活检。磁共振成像与活检之间的时间间隔不超过14天。研究由三名放射科医生进行。医生的工作经验分别为2年以下、2至5年和5年以上。这些医 生（研究人员）独立评估前列腺bpmRI 是否存在病灶。2周后，研究人员（这些医生）对前列腺mpMRI 数据集进行了评估。从PI-RADS 3类别开始，将发现的每个病灶与多点融合活检结果进行了比较。活检结果显示为Gleason评分值的总和。Gleason评分7分或更高被认为是有临床意义的活检结果。磁共振成像显示的肿瘤灶被认为是符合PI-RADS标准4和5的结果。</p> <p>结果。前列腺磁共振成像检测病灶的最佳灵敏度和特异度分别为62.5%和74.6%。诊断准确率最高达到70.1%。由工作经验少于2年和多于5年的放射科医生进行mpMRI解读时，前列腺病灶检测的特异度更高。</p> <p>结论。前列腺的bpMRI和mpMRI都显示出不理想的诊断准确度。随着放射科医生经验的增加，该方法的灵敏度和特异度有提高的趋势。与多参数协议相比，双参数前列腺扫描协议具有明显的经济优势。这种优势是不需要造影剂和消耗品的费用，并大大减少磁共振扫描仪的装载时间。不过，使用这种方法可能会降低诊断准确度。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>magnetic resonance imaging</kwd><kwd>MRI</kwd><kwd>prostate cancer</kwd><kwd>PI-RADS</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>магнитно-резонансная томография</kwd><kwd>МРТ</kwd><kwd>рак предстательной железы</kwd><kwd>PI-RADS</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>磁共振成像</kwd><kwd>MRI</kwd><kwd>前列腺癌</kwd><kwd>PI-RADS</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Департамент здравоохранения города Москвы</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow Health Care Department</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="zh">Moscow Health Care Department</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>123031500005-2</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Turkbey B, Rosenkrantz AB, Haider MA, et al. Prostate imaging reporting and data system version 2.1: 2019 Update of prostate imaging reporting and data system version 2. Eur Urol. 2019;76(3):340–351. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2019.02.0331</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Turkbey B., Rosenkrantz A.B., Haider M.A., et al. Prostate imaging reporting and data system version 2.1: 2019 Update of prostate imaging reporting and data system version 2 // Eur Urol. 2019. Vol. 76, N 3. P. 340–351. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2019.02.033</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Turkbey B, Rosenkrantz AB, Haider MA, et al. Prostate imaging reporting and data system version 2.1: 2019 Update of prostate imaging reporting and data system version 2. Eur Urol. 2019;76(3):340–351. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2019.02.0331</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bjurlin MA, Carroll PR, Eggener S, et al. Update of the standard operating procedure on the use of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging for the diagnosis, staging and management of prostate cancer. J Urol. 2020;203(4):706–712. doi: 10.1097/JU.0000000000000617</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bjurlin M.A., Carroll P.R., Eggener S., et al. Update of the standard operating procedure on the use of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging for the diagnosis, staging and management of prostate cancer // J Urol. 2020. Vol. 203, N 4. P. 706–712. doi: 10.1097/JU.0000000000000617</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Bjurlin MA, Carroll PR, Eggener S, et al. Update of the standard operating procedure on the use of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging for the diagnosis, staging and management of prostate cancer. J Urol. 2020;203(4):706–712. doi: 10.1097/JU.0000000000000617</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rouvière O, Puech P, Renard-Penna R, et al. Use of prostate systematic and targeted biopsy on the basis of multiparametric MRI in biopsy-naive patients (MRI-FIRST): A prospective, multicentre, paired diagnostic study. Lancet Oncology. 2019;20(1):100–109. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(18)30569-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rouvière O., Puech P., Renard-Penna R., et al. Use of prostate systematic and targeted biopsy on the basis of multiparametric MRI in biopsy-naive patients (MRI-FIRST): A prospective, multicentre, paired diagnostic study // Lancet Oncology. 2019. Vol. 20, N 1. P. 100–109. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(18)30569-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Rouvière O, Puech P, Renard-Penna R, et al. Use of prostate systematic and targeted biopsy on the basis of multiparametric MRI in biopsy-naive patients (MRI-FIRST): A prospective, multicentre, paired diagnostic study. Lancet Oncology. 2019;20(1):100–109. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(18)30569-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boesen L, Thomsen FB, Nørgaard N, et al. A predictive model based on biparametric magnetic resonance imaging and clinical parameters for improved risk assessment and selection of biopsy-naïve men for prostate biopsies. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2019;22(4):609–616. doi: 10.1038/s41391-019-0149-y</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boesen L., Thomsen F.B., Nørgaard N., et al. A predictive model based on biparametric magnetic resonance imaging and clinical parameters for improved risk assessment and selection of biopsy-naïve men for prostate biopsies // Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2019. Vol. 22, N 4. P. 609–616. doi: 10.1038/s41391-019-0149-y</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Boesen L, Thomsen FB, Nørgaard N, et al. A predictive model based on biparametric magnetic resonance imaging and clinical parameters for improved risk assessment and selection of biopsy-naïve men for prostate biopsies. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2019;22(4):609–616. doi: 10.1038/s41391-019-0149-y</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tamada T, Kido A, Yamamoto A, et al. Comparison of biparametric and multiparametric MRI for clinically significant prostate cancer detection with PI-RADS Version 2.1. J Magnetic Resonance Imaging. 2021;53(1):283–291. doi: 10.1002/jmri.27283</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tamada T., Kido A., Yamamoto A., et al. Comparison of biparametric and multiparametric MRI for clinically significant prostate cancer detection with PI-RADS Version 2.1 // J Magnetic Resonance Imaging. 2021. Vol. 53, N 1. P. 283–291. doi: 10.1002/jmri.27283</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Tamada T, Kido A, Yamamoto A, et al. Comparison of biparametric and multiparametric MRI for clinically significant prostate cancer detection with PI-RADS Version 2.1. J Magnetic Resonance Imaging. 2021;53(1):283–291. doi: 10.1002/jmri.27283</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wallström J, Geterud K, Kohestani K, et al. Bi- or multiparametric MRI in a sequential screening program for prostate cancer with PSA followed by MRI? Results from the Göteborg prostate cancer screening 2 trial. Eur Radiol. 2021;31(11):8692–8702. doi: 10.1007/s00330-021-07907-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wallström J., Geterud K., Kohestani K., et al. Bi- or multiparametric MRI in a sequential screening program for prostate cancer with PSA followed by MRI? Results from the Göteborg prostate cancer screening 2 trial // Eur Radiol. 2021. Vol. 31, N 11. P. 8692–8702. doi: 10.1007/s00330-021-07907-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Wallström J, Geterud K, Kohestani K, et al. Bi- or multiparametric MRI in a sequential screening program for prostate cancer with PSA followed by MRI? Results from the Göteborg prostate cancer screening 2 trial. Eur Radiol. 2021;31(11):8692–8702. doi: 10.1007/s00330-021-07907-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuhl CK, Bruhn R, Krämer N, et al. Abbreviated biparametric prostate MR imaging in men with elevated prostate-specific antigen. Radiology. 2017;285(2):493–505. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2017170129</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kuhl C.K., Bruhn R., Krämer N., et al. Abbreviated biparametric prostate MR imaging in men with elevated prostate-specific antigen // Radiology. 2017. Vol. 285, N 2. P. 493–505. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2017170129</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Kuhl CK, Bruhn R, Krämer N, et al. Abbreviated biparametric prostate MR imaging in men with elevated prostate-specific antigen. Radiology. 2017;285(2):493–505. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2017170129</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abuladze LR, Semenov DS, Panina OV, Vasil AA. Optimized protocol of biparametric magnetic resonance imaging for prostate. Digital Diagnostics. 2022;3(3):166–177. doi: 10.17816/DD108484</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Абуладзе Л.Р., Семенов Д.С., Панина О.Ю., Васильев Ю.А. Оптимизированный протокол бипараметрической магнитно-резонансной томографии для диагностики рака предстательной железы // Digital Diagnostics. 2022. Т. 3, № 3. C. 166–177. doi: 10.17816/DD108484</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Abuladze LR, Semenov DS, Panina OV, Vasil AA. Optimized protocol of biparametric magnetic resonance imaging for prostate. Digital Diagnostics. 2022;3(3):166–177. doi: 10.17816/DD108484</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schoots IG, Barentsz JO, Bittencourt LK, et al. PI-RADS committee position on MRI without contrast medium in biopsy-naive men with suspected prostate cancer: Narrative review. Am J Roentgenol. 2021;216(1):3–19. doi: 10.2214/AJR.20.24268</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schoots I.G., Barentsz J.O., Bittencourt L.K., et al. PI-RADS committee position on MRI without contrast medium in biopsy-naive men with suspected prostate cancer: Narrative review // Am J Roentgenol. 2021. Vol. 216, N 1. P. 3–19. doi: 10.2214/AJR.20.24268</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Schoots IG, Barentsz JO, Bittencourt LK, et al. PI-RADS committee position on MRI without contrast medium in biopsy-naive men with suspected prostate cancer: Narrative review. Am J Roentgenol. 2021;216(1):3–19. doi: 10.2214/AJR.20.24268</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gleason DF. Classification of prostatic carcinomas. Cancer Chemother Rep. 1966;50(3):125–128.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gleason D.F. Classification of prostatic carcinomas // Cancer Chemother Rep. 1966. Vol. 50, N 3. P. 125–128.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Gleason DF. Classification of prostatic carcinomas. Cancer Chemother Rep. 1966;50(3):125–128.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zawaideh JP, Sala E, Shaida N, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of biparametric versus multiparametric prostate MRI: Assessment of contrast benefit in clinical practice. Eur Radiol. 2020;30(7):4039–4049. doi: 10.1007/s00330-020-06782-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zawaideh J.P., Sala E., Shaida N., et al. Diagnostic accuracy of biparametric versus multiparametric prostate MRI: Assessment of contrast benefit in clinical practice // Eur Radiol. 2020. Vol. 30, N 7. P. 4039–4049. doi: 10.1007/s00330-020-06782-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Zawaideh JP, Sala E, Shaida N, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of biparametric versus multiparametric prostate MRI: Assessment of contrast benefit in clinical practice. Eur Radiol. 2020;30(7):4039–4049. doi: 10.1007/s00330-020-06782-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kang Z, Min X, Weinreb J, et al. Abbreviated biparametric versus standard multiparametric MRI for diagnosis of prostate cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Roentgenol. 2019;212(2):357–365. doi: 10.2214/AJR.18.20103</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kang Z., Min X., Weinreb J., et al. Abbreviated biparametric versus standard multiparametric MRI for diagnosis of prostate cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis // Am J Roentgenol. 2019. Vol. 212, N 2. P. 357–365. doi: 10.2214/AJR.18.20103</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Kang Z, Min X, Weinreb J, et al. Abbreviated biparametric versus standard multiparametric MRI for diagnosis of prostate cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Roentgenol. 2019;212(2):357–365. doi: 10.2214/AJR.18.20103</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Niu XK, Chen XH, Chen ZF, et al. Diagnostic performance of biparametric MRI for detection of prostate cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Roentgenol. 2018;211(2):369–378. doi: 10.2214/AJR.17.18946</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Niu X.K., Chen X.H., Chen Z.F., et al. Diagnostic performance of biparametric MRI for detection of prostate cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis // Am J Roentgenol. 2018. Vol. 211, N 2. P. 369–378. doi: 10.2214/AJR.17.18946</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Niu XK, Chen XH, Chen ZF, et al. Diagnostic performance of biparametric MRI for detection of prostate cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Roentgenol. 2018;211(2):369–378. doi: 10.2214/AJR.17.18946</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ahmed HU, El-Shater Bosaily A, Brown LC, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of multi-parametric MRI and TRUS biopsy in prostate cancer (PROMIS): A paired validating confirmatory study. Lancet. 2017;389(10071):815–822. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)32401-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ahmed H.U., El-Shater Bosaily A., Brown L.C., et al. Diagnostic accuracy of multi-parametric MRI and TRUS biopsy in prostate cancer (PROMIS): A paired validating confirmatory study // Lancet. 2017. Vol. 389, N 10071. P. 815–822. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)32401-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Ahmed HU, El-Shater Bosaily A, Brown LC, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of multi-parametric MRI and TRUS biopsy in prostate cancer (PROMIS): A paired validating confirmatory study. Lancet. 2017;389(10071):815–822. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)32401-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McDonald RJ, Levine D, Weinreb J, et al. Gadolinium retention: A research roadmap from the 2018 NIH/ACR/RSNA workshop on gadolinium chelates. Radiology. 2018;289(2):517–534. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2018181151</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McDonald R.J., Levine D., Weinreb J., et al. Gadolinium retention: A research roadmap from the 2018 NIH/ACR/RSNA workshop on gadolinium chelates // Radiology. 2018. Vol. 289, N 2. P. 517–534. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2018181151</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">McDonald RJ, Levine D, Weinreb J, et al. Gadolinium retention: A research roadmap from the 2018 NIH/ACR/RSNA workshop on gadolinium chelates. Radiology. 2018;289(2):517–534. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2018181151</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ploussard G, Epstein JI, Montironi R, et al. The contemporary concept of significant versus insignificant prostate cancer. Eur Urol. 2011;60(2):291–303. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2011.05.006</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ploussard G., Epstein J.I., Montironi R., et al. The contemporary concept of significant versus insignificant prostate cancer // Eur Urol. 2011. Vol. 60, N 2. P. 291–303. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2011.05.006</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Ploussard G, Epstein JI, Montironi R, et al. The contemporary concept of significant versus insignificant prostate cancer. Eur Urol. 2011;60(2):291–303. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2011.05.006</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Loeb S, Vellekoop A, Ahmed HU, et al. Systematic review of complications of prostate biopsy. Eur Urol. 2013;64(6):876–892. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2013.05.049</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Loeb S., Vellekoop A., Ahmed H.U., et al. Systematic review of complications of prostate biopsy // Eur Urol. 2013. Vol. 64, N 6. P. 876–892. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2013.05.049</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Loeb S, Vellekoop A, Ahmed HU, et al. Systematic review of complications of prostate biopsy. Eur Urol. 2013;64(6):876–892. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2013.05.049</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Campli ED, Pizzi DA, Seccia B, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of biparametric vs multiparametric MRI in clinically significant prostate cancer: Comparison between readers with different experience. Eur J Radiol. 2018;(101):17–23. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2018.01.028</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Campli E.D., Pizzi D.A., Seccia B., et al. Diagnostic accuracy of biparametric vs multiparametric MRI in clinically significant prostate cancer: Comparison between readers with different experience // Eur J Radiol. 2018. N 101. P. 17–23. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2018.01.028</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Campli ED, Pizzi DA, Seccia B, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of biparametric vs multiparametric MRI in clinically significant prostate cancer: Comparison between readers with different experience. Eur J Radiol. 2018;(101):17–23. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2018.01.028</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gatti M, Faletti R, Calleris G, et al. Prostate cancer detection with biparametric magnetic resonance imaging (bpMRI) by readers with different experience: Performance and comparison with multiparametric (mpMRI). Abdominal Radiol (New York). 2019;44(5):1883–1893. doi: 10.1007/s00261-019-01934-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gatti M., Faletti R., Calleris G., et al. Prostate cancer detection with biparametric magnetic resonance imaging (bpMRI) by readers with different experience: Performance and comparison with multiparametric (mpMRI) // Abdominal Radiol (New York). 2019. Vol. 44, N 5. P. 1883–1893. doi: 10.1007/s00261-019-01934-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Gatti M, Faletti R, Calleris G, et al. Prostate cancer detection with biparametric magnetic resonance imaging (bpMRI) by readers with different experience: Performance and comparison with multiparametric (mpMRI). Abdominal Radiol (New York). 2019;44(5):1883–1893. doi: 10.1007/s00261-019-01934-3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list></back></article>
