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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Digital Diagnostics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Digital Diagnostics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Digital Diagnostics</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>Digital Diagnostics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2712-8490</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2712-8962</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">375285</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/DD375285</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Study Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>原创性科研成果</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Frequency of various cardiac complications in children with repaired tetralogy of Fallot identified by computer tomography</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Частота сердечных осложнений у детей, выявленных после радикальной коррекции тетрады Фалло с помощью компьютерной томографии</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>电子计算机断层扫描确定的法洛四联症修复患儿各种心脏并发症的发生率</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0521-5484</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4169-1761</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kabdullina</surname><given-names>Azhar M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каблуллина</surname><given-names>Ажар Муслюмкановна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Kabdullina</surname><given-names>Azhar M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="KZ">Kazakhstan</country></address><email>azharazh@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5649-2193</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8449-6590</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sinitsyn</surname><given-names>Valentin E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Синицын</surname><given-names>Валентин Евгеньевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Sinitsyn</surname><given-names>Valentin E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><email>vsini@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3490-6324</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rakhimzhanova</surname><given-names>Raushan I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рахимжанова</surname><given-names>Раушан Ибжановна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Rakhimzhanova</surname><given-names>Raushan I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="KZ">Kazakhstan</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><email>rakhimzhanova01@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5267-0108</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dautov</surname><given-names>Tairkhan B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Даутов</surname><given-names>Таирхан Бекполатович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Dautov</surname><given-names>Tairkhan B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="KZ">Kazakhstan</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><email>tairkhan.dautov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7089-5696</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Saduakassova</surname><given-names>Aigul B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Садуакасова</surname><given-names>Айгуль Болатовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Saduakassova</surname><given-names>Aigul B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="KZ">Kazakhstan</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><email>sadik.a@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4825-749X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kaliyev</surname><given-names>Baurzhan B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калиев</surname><given-names>Бауржан Бахытович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Kaliyev</surname><given-names>Baurzhan B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="KZ">Kazakhstan</country></address><email>Baur233113@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8246-4754</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8634-6601</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bastarbekova</surname><given-names>Lyazzat A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бастарбекова</surname><given-names>Ляззат Абылхановна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Bastarbekova</surname><given-names>Lyazzat A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="KZ">Kazakhstan</country></address><email>lbastarbekova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5980-9563</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Moldakhanova</surname><given-names>Zhanar  A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Молдаханова</surname><given-names>Жанар Акбергенова</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Moldakhanova</surname><given-names>Zhanar  A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="KZ">Kazakhstan</country></address><email>moldahanova1991@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Astana Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Медицинский университет Астана</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Astana Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Department of the Radiology of National Research Cardiac Surgery Center</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный научный кардиохирургический центр Республики Казахстан</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Department of the Radiology of National Research Cardiac Surgery Center</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Medical Centre Hospital of President’s Affairs Administration of the Republic of Kazakhstan</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Больница Медицинского центра Управления делами Президента Республики Казахстан</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Medical Centre Hospital of President’s Affairs Administration of the Republic of Kazakhstan</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-09-04" publication-format="electronic"><day>04</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-09-26" publication-format="electronic"><day>26</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>4</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>268</fpage><lpage>279</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-05-02"><day>02</day><month>05</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-06-09"><day>09</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Эко-вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-вектор</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://jdigitaldiagnostics.com/DD/article/view/375285">https://jdigitaldiagnostics.com/DD/article/view/375285</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold><italic>BACKGROUND</italic></bold><italic>:</italic> Tetralogy of Fallot represents 7–10% of all cases of congenital heart disease, as it occurs in approximately 0.5 per 1,000 live births and is the second most common form of complex congenital heart disease. Advances in diagnosis, surgical techniques, and postoperative treatment have led to an increasing number of patients reaching adulthood, with a dramatic increase in the survival rate to almost 90% at 30 years, thereby creating a need for long-term monitoring of certain anatomic parameters to identify complications in a timely manner. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of computed tomography detected complications after radical correction of Tetralogy of Fallot in pediatric patients.</p> <p><bold><italic>AIM</italic></bold><italic>: </italic>to identify markers between the most frequency computed tomography detected complications after repair of Tetralogy of Fallot in pediatric patients.</p> <p><bold><italic>MATERIALS AND METHODS</italic></bold><italic>: </italic>A retrospective analysis was conducted on 613 patients with Tetralogy of Fallot from October 2011 to June 2020. The study included a total of 116 patients (69 men and 47 women) who experienced complications after a repair of Tetralogy of Fallot, as identified by computed tomography. At the time of repair of Tetralogy of Fallot, the patient’s average age ranged from 10 to 36 months (mean: 12 months), average body weight was 21 kg, average height was 105.4 cm, and average body surface area was 0.74 m<sup>2</sup>. The patients’ median age at the time of the computed tomography examination was 17.5 years (age range: 7–36 years).</p> <p><bold><italic>RESULTS</italic></bold><italic>: </italic>Among the 116 patients who exhibited complications after an repair of Tetralogy of Fallot, 49 had a pulmonary artery stenosis, 92 had a pulmonary artery branch stenosis (56 of them of the left main pulmonary artery branch, and 36 of them of the right main pulmonary artery branch), 8 had a right ventricular outflow tract stenosis, 32 had a ventricular septal defect, 1 had a shunt thrombosis, 12 had a postoperative deformation of the pulmonary artery, 10 exhibited a marked right ventricular dilatation, 2 had an right ventricular outflow tract aneurysm, and 6 suffered from conduit calcification and stenosis. Moreover, patients with left main pulmonary artery branch stenosis had a 6.5 times greater chance of developing an right main pulmonary artery branch stenosis in (<italic>p</italic> &lt;0.001).</p> <p><bold><italic>CONCLUSION</italic></bold><italic>: </italic>The most frequently computed tomography detected complications after a repair of Tetralogy of Fallot were pulmonary artery stenosis and pulmonary artery branch stenosis. Patients with pulmonary artery stenosis and pulmonary artery branch stenosis exhibit no significant differences in terms of age, anthropometric parameters (height, weight, and body surface area), and gender distribution in the presence or absence of different stenosis types (pulmonary artery, right main pulmonary artery branch, or left main pulmonary artery branch). However, an right main pulmonary artery branch stenosis increases the chances of developing an left main pulmonary artery branch stenosis.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование</bold>. Частота возникновения тетрады Фалло составляет примерно 0,5/1000 живорождённых, что соответствует 7–10% всех случаев врождённых пороков сердца и является второй по частоте формой сложных врождённых пороков сердца. Достижения в области диагностики, хирургического и послеоперационного лечения тетрады Фалло привели к тому, что всё большее число пациентов этой категории достигает зрелого возраста, при этом наблюдается резкое увеличение выживаемости (почти до 90%) к 30 годам, что требует длительного мониторинга определённых анатомических параметров для своевременного выявления осложнений. Данное исследование направлено на изучение частоты осложнений, выявленных с помощью компьютерной томографии, после радикальной коррекции тетрады Фалло у пациентов детского возраста.</p> <p><bold>Цель</bold> ― выявить с помощью компьютерной томографии маркеры наиболее часто встречающихся осложнений после коррекции тетрады Фалло у пациентов детского возраста.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы</bold>. Проведён ретроспективный анализ данных 613 пациентов с тетрадой Фалло за период с октября 2011 по июнь 2020 года. В исследование были включены 116 пациентов, из них 69 мужского и 47 женского пола, у которых после коррекции тетрады Фалло возникли осложнения, выявленные с помощью компьютерной томографии. На момент операции средний возраст пациентов составлял от 10 до 36 (в среднем 12) месяцев, средняя масса тела 21 кг, средний рост 105,4 см, средняя площадь поверхности тела 0,74 м<sup>2</sup>. Средний возраст пациентов на момент проведения компьютерной томографии составил 17,5 (возрастной диапазон 7–36) лет.</p> <p><bold>Результаты</bold>. Среди 116 пациентов с осложнениями после коррекции тетрады Фалло у 49 был стеноз лёгочной артерии, у 92 ― стеноз ветвей лёгочной артерии (из них у 56 ― основной ветви левой лёгочной артерии, у 36 ― основной ветви правой лёгочной артерии), у 8 ― стеноз выходного тракта правого желудочка, у 32 ― дефект межжелудочковой перегородки, у 1 ― тромбоз шунта, у 12 ― послеоперационная деформация лёгочной артерии, у 10 ― выраженная дилатация правого желудочка, у 2 ― аневризма выходного тракта правого желудочка, в 6 случаях ― кальцификация и стеноз кондуита. У пациентов со стенозом ветви левой лёгочной артерии вероятность развития стеноза ветви правой лёгочной артерии была в 6,5 раз выше (<italic>p</italic> &lt;0,001).</p> <p><bold>Заключение</bold>. Наиболее частыми осложнениями, выявляемыми с помощью компьютерной томографии после коррекции тетрады Фалло, были стеноз лёгочной артерии и её ветвей. Пациенты со стенозом лёгочной артерии и её ветвей не имели существенных различий по возрасту, антропометрическим параметрам (рост, вес, площадь поверхности тела) и гендерному распределению при наличии или отсутствии различных типов стеноза (лёгочной артерии, правой или левой лёгочной артерии), однако стеноз правой лёгочной артерии повышает вероятность развития стеноза левой ветви.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p><bold>论证</bold>。法洛四联症（Tetralogy of Fallot，ToF）占所有先天性心脏病（congenital heart disease，CHD）病例的7-10%，每1000例活产中约有0.5例发生，是第二种最常见的复杂先天性心脏病。随着诊断、手术技术和术后治疗的进步，越来越多的患者长大成人，30岁时的存活率急剧上升到近 90%，因此需要对某些解剖参数进行长期监测，以便及时发现并发症。本研究旨在调查儿童患者患儿根治性矫正ToF后计算机断层扫描（computed tomography，CT）发现并发症的发生率。</p> <p><bold>该研究的目的</bold>是确定小儿ToF修复术（repair of ToF，rToF）后CT检测到的最常见并发症之间的标记。</p> <p><bold>材料和方法</bold>。我们对2011年10月至2020年6月期间的613例ToF患者进行了回顾性分析。116名患者（69名男性和47名女性）被纳入该研究，这些患者在接受rToF后出现了通过CT发现的并发症。患者接受rToF时的平均年龄为10至36个月（平均值为12个月），平均体重为21kg，平均身高为105.4cm，平均体表面积（body surface area，BSA）为0.74m<sup>2</sup>。患者接受CT检查时的中位年龄为17.5岁（年龄范围：7至36岁）。</p> <p><bold>结果</bold>。在116例rToF后出现并发症的患者中，49例有肺动脉（pulmonary artery，PA）狭窄，92例有PA分支狭窄（其中56例有PA左主分支（left main PA branch，LPA），36例有PA右主分支（right main PA branch，RPA）），8例有右室流出道（right ventricular outflow tract，RVOT）狭窄、32例有室间隔缺损，1例有分流道血栓形成，12例有术后PA变形，10例有明显的右心室扩张，2例有RVOT动脉瘤，6例有导管钙化和狭窄。此外，对于LPA狭窄患者来说，发生RPA狭窄的几率比正常人高出6.5倍（p&lt;0.001）。</p> <p><bold>结论</bold>。rToF后最常在CT上发现的并发症是PA狭窄和PA分支狭窄。PA狭窄和PA分支狭窄患者在年龄、人体测量数（身高、体重和BSA）和性别分布方面与是否存在不同狭窄类型（PA、RPA或LPA）无明显差异。然而，RPA狭窄会增加发生LPA狭窄的几率。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>multidetector computed tomography</kwd><kwd>tetralogy of Fallot</kwd><kwd>complications</kwd><kwd>congenital heart disease</kwd><kwd>total re</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мультиспиральная компьютерная томография</kwd><kwd>тетрада Фалло</kwd><kwd>осложнения</kwd><kwd>врождённые пороки сердца</kwd><kwd>радикальная коррекция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>多排计算机断层扫描</kwd><kwd>法洛四联症</kwd><kwd>并发症</kwd><kwd>先天性心脏病</kwd><kwd>根治性矫正术</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Apostolopoulou SC, Manginas A, Kelekis NL, Noutsias M. 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