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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Digital Diagnostics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Digital Diagnostics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Digital Diagnostics</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>Digital Diagnostics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2712-8490</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2712-8962</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">46834</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/DD46834</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Systematic reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Систематические обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>系统评价</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Diagnostic value of lung ultrasound in COVID-19: systematic review and meta-analysis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Диагностическая ценность ультразвукового исследования лёгких для выявления COVID-19: систематический обзор и метаанализ</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>肺部超声检测COVID-19的诊断价值：系统综述和荟萃分析</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9017-9432</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9201-6146</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vetsheva</surname><given-names>Natalia N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ветшева</surname><given-names>Наталья Николаевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н.</p></bio><email>vetsheva@npcmr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9661-0254</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8592-0558</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Reshetnikov</surname><given-names>Roman V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Решетников</surname><given-names>Роман Владимирович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.ф.-м.н.</p></bio><email>reshetnikov@fbb.msu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0916-6552</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5510-4075</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Leonov</surname><given-names>Denis V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Леонов</surname><given-names>Денис Владимирович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.ф.-м.н.</p></bio><email>d.leonov@npcmr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7046-7157</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2135-9543</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulberg</surname><given-names>Nikolas S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кульберг</surname><given-names>Николай Сергеевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.ф.-м.н.</p></bio><email>kulberg@npcmr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7826-5135</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8088-9921</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mokienko</surname><given-names>Olesya A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мокиенко</surname><given-names>Олеся Александровна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н.</p></bio><email>o.mokienko@npcmr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research and Practical Clinical Center for Diagnostics and Telemedicine Technologies of the Moscow Health Care Department</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Научно-практический клинический центр диагностики и телемедицинских технологий Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscows regional research clinical institute n.a. M.F. Vladimirskiy</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ МО «Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт имени М.Ф. Владимирского»</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research and Practical Clinical Center for Diagnostics and Telemedicine Technologies of the Moscow Health Care Department</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Научно-практический клинический центр диагностики и телемедицинских технологий Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2020-12-08" publication-format="electronic"><day>08</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-12-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>13</fpage><lpage>26</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-10-13"><day>13</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2020-12-03"><day>03</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, Vetsheva N.N., Reshetnikov R.V., Leonov D.V., Kulberg N.S., Mokienko O.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, Ветшева Н.Н., Решетников Р.В., Леонов Д.В., Кульберг Н.С., Мокиенко О.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2020, Vetsheva N., Reshetnikov R., Leonov D., Kulberg N., Mokienko O.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vetsheva N.N., Reshetnikov R.V., Leonov D.V., Kulberg N.S., Mokienko O.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ветшева Н.Н., Решетников Р.В., Леонов Д.В., Кульберг Н.С., Мокиенко О.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Vetsheva N., Reshetnikov R., Leonov D., Kulberg N., Mokienko O.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://jdigitaldiagnostics.com/DD/article/view/46834">https://jdigitaldiagnostics.com/DD/article/view/46834</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><italic>BACKGROUND:<bold> </bold></italic>Effective and safe tools assisting triage decisions for COVID-19 patients could optimize the pressure on the healthcare system. COVID-19 often has respiratory manifestations, and medical imaging techniques provide an opportunity to assess the disease’s severity.</p> <p><italic>AIMS:<bold> </bold></italic>To estimate the sensitivity and specificity of lung ultrasound for different degrees of pulmonary involvement in COVID-19 patients by a systematic review of English articles using PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Search terms included lung ultrasound, chest ultrasound, thoracic ultrasound, ultrasonography, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, coronavirus, diagnosis, diagnostic value, specificity, and sensitivity. Only studies addressing lung ultrasound diagnostic accuracy for patients with suspected COVID-19 using thoracic computed tomography, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, or laboratory data as a reference standard were included. Independent extraction of articles was performed by two authors using predefined data fields with subsequent assessment of study quality indicators. The random-effect model was used to analyze and pool lung ultrasound sensitivity and specificity across the included studies. Sixteen studies met our inclusion criteria, but only three of them divided patients into distinct and defined groups depending on the disease severity. We used the remaining studies’ data to assess the secondary outcomes: the values of sensitivity and specificity of lung ultrasound for COVID-19 regardless of the patient’s clinical status. Heterogeneity for primary and secondary outcomes was observed that remained when pooling for different scenarios (screening, assessing severity) and cohorts of participants. Lung ultrasound had the highest accuracy for confirmed COVID-19 patients with severe disease (sensitivity 87.6% ± 12.3%, specificity 80.5% ± 7.1%), and the lowest accuracy for the patients with mild disease (sensitivity 72.8% ± 7.1%, specificity 74.3% ± 2.7%).</p> <p><italic>CONCLUSIONS:</italic> Lung ultrasound can be used in patients with confirmed COVID-19 to detect serious damage to the lung tissue. The diagnostic value of the method for assessing mild and moderate lung lesions is relatively low.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Обоснование. При оценке степени тяжести состояния пациентов с COVID-19 опираются в первую очередь на объём поражения лёгочной ткани. Существует ряд диагностических подходов, позволяющих анализировать этот показатель, каждый из которых сопряжён с определёнными ограничениями. Цель и дизайн исследования, характеристики наблюдаемых пациентов, доступность оборудования ― все эти параметры способны повлиять на выбор оптимальной методики.</p> <p>Цель ― провести оценку чувствительности и специфичности ультразвукового исследования (УЗИ) в качестве метода анализа степени поражения лёгких у пациентов с COVID-19 посредством систематического обзора статей на английском языке, доступных в базах данных PubMed и Google Scholar. Ключевые слова для поиска: lung ultrasound, chest ultrasound, thoracic ultrasound, ultrasonography, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, coronavirus, diagnosis, diagnostic value, specificity и sensitivity. В обзор включали только исследования, затрагивавшие вопросы диагностической точности УЗИ лёгких для пациентов с подозрением на COVID-19. В качестве эталонных методов рассматривали компьютерную томографию грудной клетки, детекцию вирусной РНК с помощью полимеразной цепной реакции с обратной транскрипцией или лабораторные данные. Извлечение статей проводили два автора независимо друг от друга с заполнением заданных полей стандартизованной таблицы и последующей оценкой индикаторов качества исследования. Для анализа и группировки данных о чувствительности и специфичности УЗИ лёгких для оценки объёма изменённой лёгочной ткани в отобранных работах использовали модель случайных эффектов. По заданным критериям включения подходили 16 работ, однако только в трёх проводили разделение пациентов на чётко заданные группы по тяжести заболевания. Из остальных работ для оценки вторичных результатов использовали значения чувствительности и специфичности УЗИ лёгких для диагностики COVID-19 вне зависимости от состояния пациента. Наблюдаемая гетерогенность для первичных и вторичных результатов сохранялась при группировке исследований по сценариям (скрининг, оценка тяжести заболевания) и когортам пациентов. УЗИ лёгких показало наиболее высокую точность для подтверждения поражения лёгких у пациентов с диагностированной тяжёлой коронавирусной инфекцией COVID-19 (чувствительность 87,6 ± 12,3%, специфичность 80,5 ± 7,1%). При этом самую низкую точность метод продемонстрировал у пациентов с заболеванием лёгкой степени тяжести (чувствительность 72,8 ± 7,1%, специфичность 74,3 ± 2,7%).</p> <p>Заключение.<bold> </bold>УЗИ лёгких может быть использовано у пациентов с подтверждённым COVID-19 для выявления значительных повреждений лёгочной ткани. Диагностическая ценность метода для оценки умеренных и незначительных поражений лёгких относительно низкая.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>论证：在评估COVID-19患者病情的严重程度时，主要依赖肺组织损伤的体积。有许多诊断方法允许分析该指标，每一种方法都有一定的局限性。研究的目的和设计，观察患者的特点，设备的可用性，所有这些参数都可以影响最佳方法的选择。</p> <p>目的是通过对PubMed和Google Scholar数据库中相关英文文章的系统回顾，评估超声作为一种分析COVID-19患者肺损伤程度的方法的敏感性和特异性。关键词：lung ultrasound; chest ultrasound; thoracic ultrasound; ultrasonography; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; coronavirus; diagnosis; diagnostic value; specificity; sensitivity该综述仅包括了针对疑似COVID-19患者肺部超声诊断准确性问题的研究。参考方法包括胸部CT、逆转录聚合酶链反应检测病毒RNA、实验室数据等。论文由两位作者独立抽取，填写标准化表格的指定字段，然后对研究质量指标进行评价。为了分析和分组所选研究中肺超声评估肺组织改变体积的敏感性和特异性的数据，使用了随机效应模型。根据规定的纳入标准，适合16项研究，但仅对3例患者根据疾病严重程度划分明确组。通过其他有关材料，为了评估次要结果，使用了肺部超声诊断COVID-19的敏感性和特异性值，而不考虑患者的病情。当研究根据筛查、疾病严重程度评估和患者队列进行分组时，观察到的主要结果和次要结果的异质性得以保持。肺部超声诊断重症冠状病毒感染COVID-19患者肺损害的准确性最高（敏感性为87.6±12.3%，特异性为80.5±7.1%）。同时，该方法在轻度疾病患者中的准确率最低（敏感性为72.8±7.1%，特异性为74.3±2.7%）。</p> <p>结果。肺部超声检查可用于确诊COVID-19的患者，以检测肺组织的严重损害。该方法评估轻微-中度肺损伤的诊断价值相对较低。</p> <p> </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>lung ultrasound</kwd><kwd>severity grade estimate</kwd><kwd>diagnostic value</kwd><kwd>sensitivity</kwd><kwd>specificity</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>УЗИ лёгких</kwd><kwd>оценка доли поражения</kwd><kwd>диагностическая ценность</kwd><kwd>чувствительность</kwd><kwd>специфичность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>肺部超声</kwd><kwd>病变部位评估</kwd><kwd>诊断价值</kwd><kwd>敏感性</kwd><kwd>特异性</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">WHO coronavirus disease (COVID-19) dashboard. 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