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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Digital Diagnostics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Digital Diagnostics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Digital Diagnostics</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>Digital Diagnostics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2712-8490</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2712-8962</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">494103</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/DD494103</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Study Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>原创性科研成果</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in patients with history of COVID-19</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Магнитно-резонансная томография сердца у пациентов, переболевших коронавирусной инфекцией (COVID-19)</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>患过冠状病毒感染（COVID-19）患者的心脏磁共振成像</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4871-3283</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2879-9550</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Maksimova</surname><given-names>Aleksandra S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Максимова</surname><given-names>Александра Сергеевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Maksimova</surname><given-names>Aleksandra S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><email>asmaximova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6158-026X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6555-8937</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryumshina</surname><given-names>Nadezhda I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рюмшина</surname><given-names>Надежда Игоревна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Ryumshina</surname><given-names>Nadezhda I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><email>n.rumshina@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8089-2851</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1826-7850</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shelkovnikova</surname><given-names>Tatiana A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шелковникова</surname><given-names>Татьяна Александровна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Shelkovnikova</surname><given-names>Tatiana A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><email>fflly@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7502-7502</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3712-8492</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mochula</surname><given-names>Olga V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мочула</surname><given-names>Ольга Витальевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Mochula</surname><given-names>Olga V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><email>mochula.olga@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1106-0730</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6784-5440</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Anfinogenova</surname><given-names>Nina D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Анфиногенова</surname><given-names>Нина Джоновна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Anfinogenova</surname><given-names>Nina D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук</p></bio><email>cardio.intl@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7352-6068</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1299-2074</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ussov</surname><given-names>Vladimir Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Усов</surname><given-names>Владимир Юрьевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Ussov</surname><given-names>Vladimir Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><email>ussov1962@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Cardiology Research Institute</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр, Научно-исследовательский институт кардиологии</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Cardiology Research Institute</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-08-23" publication-format="electronic"><day>23</day><month>08</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-09-26" publication-format="electronic"><day>26</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>4</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>280</fpage><lpage>291</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-06-16"><day>16</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-07-10"><day>10</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Эко-вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-вектор</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://jdigitaldiagnostics.com/DD/article/view/494103">https://jdigitaldiagnostics.com/DD/article/view/494103</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold><italic>BACKGROUND</italic></bold><italic>: </italic>Myocarditis is among the most common complications arising from coronavirus infection (COVID-19).</p> <p><bold><italic>AIM</italic></bold><italic>:</italic> This study aims to find the differences in the patterns of myocardial injury between patients who had COVID-19 and those from the pre-pandemic period, as determined by contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging.</p> <p><bold><italic>MATERIALS AND METHODS</italic></bold><italic>: </italic>The study encompassed a retrospective analysis of 47 patients who underwent contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging to rule out acute myocarditis. Group 1 comprised 34 patients with a confirmed history of COVID-19 through PCR testing (nasal and/or throat swabs), while Group 2 comprised 13 individuals who underwent contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in 2017 prior to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. All patients enrolled in the study had clinical manifestation of cardiac injury without signs of coronary artery disease as an underlying cause of condition.</p> <p><bold><italic>RESULTS</italic></bold><italic>:</italic> The mean time from the onset of heart symptoms to the administration of contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was 166 days. In group 1, a decrease in exercise tolerance was observed in 77% of patients, and 14 (42%), 30 (88%), and 28 (85%) of patients complained of chest pain, shortness of breath, and heart palpitations, respectively. In group 2, four patients (30%) had dyspnea, nine patients (69%) complained of chest pain, and six patients (46%) had heart palpitations and/or feeling of arrhythmia. Myocardial injury in group 1 was more generalized. The third of them had displayed preserved increased pulmonary vascularity and pleural effusion. Within group 1, men had significantly lower left ventricular ejection fraction, lower values of global longitudinal deformation, and higher values of left atrial function compared with the corresponding parameters in women. Differences in women were found only in the number of the affected segments in the left ventricular myocardium.</p> <p><bold><italic>CONCLUSION</italic></bold><italic>: </italic>SARS-CoV-2 virus caused extended myocardial injury, affecting a significant number of myocardial segments. Men had more frequent postinflammatory complications, characterized by abnormal function of the left ventricle and left atrium. Obtained results require continuous efforts for further assessment of long-term consequences of previous COVID-19 to the cardiovascular system. In this regard, contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging may represent a sensitive imaging tool for the assessment of cardiac injury severity.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование</bold>. Нередким осложнением коронавирусной инфекции (COVID-19) является миокардит.</p> <p><bold>Цель</bold> ― сравнить различные паттерны повреждения миокарда у пациентов, перенёсших COVID-19, и пациентов допандемийного периода по данным магнитно-резонансной томографии сердца с парамагнитным контрастным усилением.</p> <p>Материалы и методы. В ретроспективное исследование включено 47 пациентов, которым выполняли магнитно-резонансную томографию сердца с парамагнитным контрастным усилением для исключения острого миокардита. В группу 1 вошли 34 пациента с перенесённой коронавирусной инфекцией, подтверждённой результатами исследования мазка со слизистой носо- и/или ротоглотки методом полимеразной цепной реакции, в группу 2 ― 13 человек, магнитно-резонансную томографию сердца которым проводили до начала пандемии коронавирусной инфекции (2017 г).</p> <p><bold>Результаты</bold>. Средняя продолжительность от появления жалоб до проведения магнитно-резонансной томографии составила 166 дней. Снижение толерантности к физическим нагрузкам обнаружено у 77% пациентов, боль в области сердца, одышка и сердцебиение ― у 14 (42%), 30 (88%) и 28 (85%) пациентов группы 1 соответственно. В группе 2 отмечены одышка у 4 (30%) пациентов, боли в области сердца ― у 9 (69%), сердцебиение и/или ощущение ритма сердца ― у 6 (46%). У пациентов группы 1 поражение миокарда носило более распространённый характер, из них у 1/3 сохранялись усиление лёгочного рисунка и выпот в плевральную полость. В группе 1 мужчины имели более низкую фракцию выброса левого желудочка, меньшие показатели глобальной продольной деформации и более высокие функциональные показатели левого предсердия (<italic>p</italic> &lt;0,05). У женщин статистические различия отмечались только по количеству поражённых сегментов миокарда левого желудочка.</p> <p><bold>Заключение</bold>. Вирус SARS-CoV-2 вызывает распространённое поражение сердца с вовлечением значительного количества сегментов миокарда. Среди мужчин достоверно чаще развиваются поствоспалительные осложнения в виде нарушения сократительной функции левого желудочка и левого предсердия. Полученные результаты указывают на необходимость дальнейшей оценки долгосрочных последствий перенесённого COVID-19 на сердечно-сосудистую систему. Магнитно-резонансная томография сердца с контрастированием в данном случае может быть чувствительным инструментом визуализации для выявления тяжести поражения сердца.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p><bold>论证</bold>。心肌炎是冠状病毒感染（COVID-19）的一种不罕见并发症。</p> <p><bold>该研究的目的</bold>是通过顺磁对比剂增强的心脏磁共振成像，比较患过COVID-19和大流行前患者心肌损伤的不同模式。</p> <p>材料和方法。一项回顾性研究纳入了47名接受顺磁对比剂增强心脏磁共振成像检查来排除急性心肌炎的患者。第1组包括34名通过鼻咽和/或口咽粘膜涂片聚合酶链反应分析证实曾患过冠状病毒感染的患者，第2组包括13名在冠状病毒大流行（2017年）前接受心脏磁共振成像检查的患者。</p> <p><bold>结果</bold>。从发病到磁共振成像的平均时间为166天。在第一组中，77%的患者运动耐量降低了，分别有14（42%）、30（88%）和28（85%）名患者出现了心脏疼痛、呼吸困难和心悸。在第2组中，有4名患者（30%）出现了呼吸困难，有9名患者（69%）出现了心脏疼痛，有6名患 者（46%）出现了心悸和/或心律不齐。心肌损伤在第1组患者中更为普遍，其中1/3患者有持续性肺强化和胸腔积液。在第1组中，男性的左心室射血分数较低，整体纵向应变较低，左心房功能较高（p&lt;0,05）。对于女性病人来说，仅在左心室心肌受影响节段的数量上存在统计上的差异。</p> <p><bold>结论</bold>。SARS-CoV-2病毒导致广泛的心脏损伤，累及大量心肌节段。对于男性病人来说，更容易出现左心室和左心房收缩功能障碍等炎症后并发症。结果表明，有必要进一步评估COVID-19对心血管系统的长期影响。在这种情况下，带有对比剂的心脏磁共振成像可能是检测心脏损伤严重程度的灵敏成像工具。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>magnetic resonance imaging</kwd><kwd>heart</kwd><kwd>coronavirus infection</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>myocarditis</kwd><kwd>left atrium</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>магнитно-резонансная томография</kwd><kwd>сердце</kwd><kwd>коронавирусная инфекция</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>миокардит</kwd><kwd>левое предсердие</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>磁共振成像</kwd><kwd>心脏</kwd><kwd>冠状病毒感染</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>心肌炎</kwd><kwd>左心房</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This research was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project #22-15-00313)</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счёт гранта Российского научного фонда (проект № 22-15-00313)</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="zh">This research was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project #22-15-00313)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ussov WY, Nudnov NV, Ignatenko GA, et al. 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