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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Digital Diagnostics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Digital Diagnostics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Digital Diagnostics</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>Digital Diagnostics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2712-8490</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2712-8962</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">567783</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/DD567783</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Study Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>原创性科研成果</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Structural gray matter changes in primary progressive aphasia variants</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Структурные изменения серого вещества при вариантах первичной прогрессирующей афазии</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>原发性进行性失语症变体的灰质结构变化</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6491-2891</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5721-8567</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Akhmadullina</surname><given-names>Diliara R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ахмадуллина</surname><given-names>Диляра Робертовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Akhmadullina</surname><given-names>Diliara R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>akhmadullinadr1@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5539-245X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">23497502900</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">B-6834-2012</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2515-7673</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Konovalov</surname><given-names>Rodion N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коновалов</surname><given-names>Родион Николаевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Konovalov</surname><given-names>Rodion N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><email>krn_74@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7214-583X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7502-8984</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shpilyukova</surname><given-names>Yulia A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шпилюкова</surname><given-names>Юлия Александровна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Shpilyukova</surname><given-names>Yulia A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><email>jshpilyukova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8070-7644</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3466-2212</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedotova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina Y.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федотова</surname><given-names>Екатерина Юрьевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Fedotova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><email>ekfedotova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Center of Neurology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научный центр неврологии</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Research Center of Neurology</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-09-14" publication-format="electronic"><day>14</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>4</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>467</fpage><lpage>480</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-07-27"><day>27</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-08-22"><day>22</day><month>08</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Эко-вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-вектор</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://jdigitaldiagnostics.com/DD/article/view/567783">https://jdigitaldiagnostics.com/DD/article/view/567783</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND</bold>:<bold> </bold>Primary progressive aphasia is a rare neurodegenerative disease with high clinical, genetic, and pathomorphological heterogeneity that greatly complicates its diagnosis. Voxel-based morphometry can be used to objectively assess structural gray matter changes and determine atrophy patterns in variants of primary progressive aphasia, which can improve the diagnosis and our understanding of its pathogenesis.</p> <p><bold>AIMS</bold>:<bold> </bold>This study aimed to evaluate the patterns of atrophy in each of the primary progressive aphasia variants in comparison with the control group.</p> <p><bold>MATERIALS AND METHODS</bold>: Patients diagnosed with one of the primary progressive aphasia variants, established in accordance with the current diagnostic criteria, were included in the main group. The control group consisted of healthy volunteers without any neurological symptoms or structural brain changes. All participants underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging. The obtained images were processed and used for voxel-based morphometry, which was performed by comparing the gray matter volume between each of the primary progressive aphasia variants and the control group. The study was adjusted for the sex, age, and intracranial volume of the participants.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS</bold>: The study enrolled<bold> </bold>25<bold> </bold>patients with nonfluent, 11 with semantic, and 9 with logopenic variants of primary progressive aphasia, as well as 20 healthy volunteers. Voxel-based morphometry showed a specific atrophy pattern in each of the variants of primary progressive aphasia, with predominant involvement of the frontal and insular lobes in nonfluent, temporal lobe and hippocampus in semantic, and a more diffuse frontotemporal pattern in logopenic variants.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSIONS</bold>:<bold> </bold>The study revealed gray matter atrophy patterns specific to each variant of primary progressive aphasia. The obtained results mainly correspond to the clinical presentations of the disease. Moreover, some findings (e.g., absence of the posterior perisylvian atrophy and reduced motor cortex volume in the logopenic variant, atrophy of the orbitofrontal cortex and cerebellum in the nonfluent variant, and premotor cortex, precentral, and inferior frontal gyrus degeneration in the semantic variant) do not correlate with the usual understanding of primary progressive aphasia pathogenesis and require further study.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование</bold>. Первичная прогрессирующая афазия — редкое нейродегенеративное заболевание, гетерогенность которого значительно усложняет его диагностику. Воксель-ориентированная морфометрия позволяет объективно оценить поражение серого вещества головного мозга и определить паттерны атрофии, характерные для каждого из вариантов заболевания, что может улучшить его диагностику, а также использоваться в изучении патогенеза.</p> <p><bold>Цель</bold> — выявить паттерны атрофии при каждом из вариантов первичной прогрессирующей афазии в сравнении с контрольной группой.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы</bold>. В основную группу были включены пациенты с диагнозом одного из вариантов первичной прогрессирующей афазии, установленных в соответствии с действующими диагностическими критериями. Группу контроля составили здоровые добровольцы без неврологических проявлений и структурных изменений головного мозга. Всем участникам проводилась магнитно-резонансная томография головного мозга с последующей постобработкой изображений и проведением воксель-ориентированной морфометрии со сравнением объёма серого вещества между каждым из вариантов заболевания и контрольной группой. Исследование проводилось с поправкой на пол, возраст и интракраниальный объём участников.</p> <p><bold>Результаты</bold>. В исследование были включены 25 пациентов с аграмматическим, 11 — c семантическим и 9 — c логопеническим вариантами первичной прогрессирующей афазии, а также 20 здоровых добровольцев. Воксель-ориентированная морфометрия показала, что для каждого варианта характерен свой паттерн атрофии с преимущественным вовлечением лобной и островковой долей при аграмматическом, височной доли и гиппокампа — при семантическом и более диффузным лобно-височным паттерном — при логопеническом вариантах.</p> <p><bold>Заключение</bold>. В ходе исследования были выявлены паттерны атрофии головного мозга, характерные для каждого из вариантов первичной прогрессирующей афазии. В основном, полученные результаты соответствуют клиническим проявлениям заболевания. При этом отдельные находки (отсутствие атрофии задней перисильвиевой области, а также поражение моторной коры при логопеническом варианте; поражение орбитофронтальной коры и мозжечка при аграмматическом варианте; поражение премоторной коры, прецентральной и нижней лобной извилины при семантическом варианте) не соотносятся с привычным представлением о патогенезе первичной прогрессирующей афазии и требуют дальнейшего изучения.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>论证。原发性进行性失语症是一种罕见的神经退行性疾病。它的异质性使诊断变得非常复杂。基于体素的形态测量法可对大脑灰质病变进行客观评估，并确定每种疾病变异的萎缩模式特征。这可以改善诊断，也可被用于发病机制的研究。</p> <p>该研究的目的是确定原发性进行性失语症各变体与对照组相比的萎缩模式。</p> <p>材料与方法。被诊断为原发性进行性失语症变体之一的患者被纳入主研究组。诊断是根据现行诊断标准确定的。对照组由无神经系统表现和脑结构变化的健康志愿者组成。我们对所有参与者都进行了脑部磁共振成像，随后进行了图像后处理和基于体素的形态测量。对每种疾病变体与对照组的灰质体积进行了比较。研究人员考虑到参与者的性别、年龄和颅内容积。</p> <p>结果。研究对象包括25名非流利型原发性进行性失语的患者、11名语义型原发性进行性失语的患者和9名logopenic型原发性进行性失语的患者，以及20名健康志愿者。基于体素的形态测量显示了，每种变体都有不同的萎缩模式。在非流利型原发性进行性失语症中，额叶和岛叶主要受累。在语义型原发性进行性失语症中，颞叶和海马主要受累。logopenic型原发性进行性失语症的的特点是额颞叶模式更加弥漫。</p> <p>结论。在研究过程中，我们发现了原发性进行性失语症各变体特有的脑萎缩模式。基本上，这些结果与疾病的临床表现相符。但是有些研究结果（logopenic型没有后外侧裂部位萎缩和有运动皮层病变；非流利型有眶额皮质和小脑病变；语义型有运动前皮层、中央前回和额下回病变）与原发性进行性失语症发病机制的通常观点不符，需要进一步研究。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>primary progressive aphasia</kwd><kwd>voxel-based morphometry</kwd><kwd>frontotemporal dementia</kwd><kwd>Alzheimer’s disease</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>первичная прогрессирующая афазия</kwd><kwd>воксель-ориентированная морфометрия</kwd><kwd>лобно-височная деменция</kwd><kwd>болезнь Альцгеймера</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>原发性进行性失语症</kwd><kwd>基于体素的形态计量学</kwd><kwd>额颞叶痴呆</kwd><kwd>阿尔茨海默病</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный фонд</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="zh">Russian Science Foundation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>23-25-00483</award-id></award-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Российский научный фонд</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gorno-Tempini ML, Hillis AE, Weintraub S, et al. 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