<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Digital Diagnostics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Digital Diagnostics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Digital Diagnostics</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>Digital Diagnostics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2712-8490</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2712-8962</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">569149</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/DD569149</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Systematic reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Систематические обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>系统评价</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Magnetic resonance imaging for the differential diagnosis of primary extra-axial brain tumors: a review of radiomic studies</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Магнитно-резонансная томография в дифференциальной диагностике первичных внемозговых опухолей: обзор радиомических исследований</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>磁共振成像在原发性脑外肿瘤鉴别诊断中的应 用：放射组学研究综述</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6858-372X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">6507900025</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6213-7455</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kapishnikov</surname><given-names>Aleksandr V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Капишников</surname><given-names>Александр Викторович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Kapishnikov</surname><given-names>Aleksandr V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><email>a.v.kapishnikov@samsmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8236-833X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57224906215</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5252-5661</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Surovcev</surname><given-names>Evgeniy N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суровцев</surname><given-names>Евгений Николаевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Surovcev</surname><given-names>Evgeniy N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>evgeniisurovcev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Samara State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Самарский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Samara State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Dr. Sergey Berezin Medical Institute (MIBS)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Лечебно-диагностический центр Международного института биологических систем имени Сергея Березина</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Dr. Sergey Berezin Medical Institute (MIBS)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-11-16" publication-format="electronic"><day>16</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>4</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>529</fpage><lpage>542</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-09-07"><day>07</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-10-19"><day>19</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Эко-вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-вектор</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://jdigitaldiagnostics.com/DD/article/view/569149">https://jdigitaldiagnostics.com/DD/article/view/569149</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND</bold>:<bold> </bold>The analysis of magnetic resonance imaging data is considered the main method for the preoperative differential diagnosis of primary extra-axial tumors. However, the exact distinction of different primary extra-axial tumors based only on visual rating can be challenging. Radiomics is a quantitative method of analyzing medical image data, which allows us to understand and observe the connection between visual data and phenotypic and genotypic features of tumors. Earlier, several publications presented generalized results of research aimed at the differential diagnosis of primary extra-axial tumors based on the principles of radiomics. Fast accumulation of new clinical cases and increasing of the amounts of research on these cases demonstrate the need for their further analysis and systematization, which has led to this review.</p> <p><bold>AIM</bold>: To conduct a systematic analysis of existing data on radiomics potential for the differential diagnosis of primary extra-axial tumors.</p> <p><bold>MATERIALS AND METHODS</bold>: The search for publications over the past 5 years in Russian and English was conducted in PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar, and еLibrary databases. The final analysis included 19 papers on the differential diagnosis of extra-axial tumors. The included publications provided radiomic features used for the differential diagnosis of neoplasms.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS</bold>: All studies demonstrated the existence of a connection between radiomic parameters (textural and histogram) and tumor type. The effectiveness of tumor differential diagnostics with radiomic models exceeded the neoplasm classification made by radiologists. The most frequently used algorithms for creating mathematical models of tumor classification based on radiomic parameters were the reference vector method, logistic regression, and random forest.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION</bold>: The use of the radiomic concept shows promising results in the differential diagnosis of primary extra-axial tumors. Further development in this area demands the standardization of both the segmentation method and the set of features and an effective method of mathematics modeling.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование</bold>.<bold> </bold>Анализ данных магнитно-резонансной томографии является основным методом для предоперационной дифференциальной диагностики первичных внемозговых опухолей. Однако точное их разграничение только на основе визуальной оценки этих данных может быть затруднительно.</p> <p>Радиомика — это количественный подход к анализу данных медицинских изображений, позволяющий выявить взаимосвязь данных визуализации с фенотипическими и генотипическими особенностями опухолей.</p> <p>Ранее в ряде аналитических публикаций проводилось обобщение результатов исследований, посвящённых дифференциальной диагностике первичных внемозговых опухолей на основе принципов радиомики. Быстрое накопление новых клинических примеров и увеличение количества исследований по данной проблеме обуславливают необходимость их дальнейшего анализа и систематизации, что и послужило основанием для выполнения настоящей работы.</p> <p><bold>Цель</bold> — систематизировать существующие данные о возможностях радиомики для дифференциальной диагностики первичных внемозговых опухолей.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы</bold>. Проведены поиск и анализ публикаций на русском и английском языках за последние пять лет. Поиск осуществлялся в системах PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar и еLibrary. В окончательный анализ включено 19 публикаций, касающихся дифференциальной диагностики первичных внемозговых опухолей, в которых были приведены радиомические признаки, использованные для дифференциальной диагностики новообразований.</p> <p><bold>Результаты</bold>.<bold> </bold>Во всех исследованиях было показано наличие взаимосвязи между радиомическими параметрами (текстурными и гистограммными) и типом опухоли. Эффективность дифференциальной диагностики опухолей радиомическими моделями превосходила эффективность классификации новообразований рентгенологами.</p> <p>Наиболее часто использовались следующие алгоритмы для создания математичесиких моделей классификации опухолей на основе радиомических параметров: метод опорных векторов, логистическая регрессия, случайный лес. Методы опорных векторов и логистической регрессии продемонстрировали лучшие и более стабильные результаты.</p> <p><bold>Заключение</bold>. Использование концепции радиомики показывает многообещающие результаты в дифференциальной диагностике первичных внемозговых опухолей. Дальнейшее развитие этого направления требует стандартизации как методов сегментации, так и набора признаков, а также эффективного метода математического моделирования.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>论证。磁共振成像数据分析是术前原发性脑外肿瘤鉴别诊断的主要方法。然而，仅凭对这些数据的目测评估很难准确区分不同的原发性脑外肿瘤。</p> <p>放射组学是一种分析医学影像数据的定量方法。其允许确定成像数据与肿瘤表型和基因型特征之间的关系。</p> <p>此前，一些分析性出版物总结了根据放射组学原理对原发性脑外肿瘤进行鉴别诊断的研究结果。随着新临床病例的迅速积累和相关研究的不断增加，有必要对其进行进一步分析和系统化。这就是本研究的基础。</p> <p>该研究的目的是系统整理有关放射组学在原发性脑外肿瘤鉴别诊断方面潜力的现有数据。</p> <p>材料与方法。我们搜索并分析了过去五年中用俄语和英语发表的出版物。搜索是在PubMed/Medline、Google Scholar和eLibrary数据库中进行。最终分析包括19篇关于原发性脑外肿瘤鉴别诊断的出版物。这些出版物包括用于肿瘤鉴别诊断的放射组学特征。</p> <p>结果。所有研究都表明了，放射组学参数（纹理的和直方图的）与肿瘤类型之间存在相关性。通过放射组学模型对肿瘤进行鉴别诊断的效率优于放射科医生对肿瘤进行分类的效率。</p> <p>为了创建肿瘤分类的模型，我们最常使用了以下算法：支持向量法、逻辑回归法和随机森林法。支持向量法和逻辑回归法显示出更好、更稳定的结果。</p> <p>结论。放射组学概念在原发性脑外肿瘤鉴别诊断中的应用显示出良好效果。这一方向的进一步发展需要分割方法和特征集的标准化，以及有效的数学建模方法。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>primary extra-axial brain tumors</kwd><kwd>magnetic resonance imaging</kwd><kwd>meningiomas</kwd><kwd>radiomics</kwd><kwd>information technology</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>первичные внемозговые опухоли</kwd><kwd>магнитно-резонансная томография</kwd><kwd>менингиомы</kwd><kwd>радиомика</kwd><kwd>информационные технологии</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>原发性脑外肿瘤</kwd><kwd>磁共振成像</kwd><kwd>脑膜瘤</kwd><kwd>放射组学</kwd><kwd>信息技术</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goldbrunner R, Stavrinou P, Jenkinson MD, et al. EANO guideline on the diagnosis and management of meningiomas. Neuro–Oncology. 2021;23(11):1821–1834. doi: 10.1093/neuonc/noab150</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goldbrunner R., Stavrinou P., Jenkinson M.D., et al. EANO guideline on the diagnosis and management of meningiomas // Neuro–Oncology. 2021. Vol. 23, N 11. P. 1821–1834. doi: 10.1093/neuonc/noab150</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Goldbrunner R, Stavrinou P, Jenkinson MD, et al. EANO guideline on the diagnosis and management of meningiomas. Neuro–Oncology. 2021;23(11):1821–1834. doi: 10.1093/neuonc/noab150</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goldbrunner R, Weller M, Regis J, et al. EANO guideline on the diagnosis and treatment of vestibular schwannoma. Neuro–Oncology. 2020;22(1):31–45. doi: 10.1093/neuonc/noz153</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goldbrunner R., Weller M., Regis J., et al. EANO guideline on the diagnosis and treatment of vestibular schwannoma // Neuro–Oncology. 2020. Vol. 22, N 1. P. 31–45. doi: 10.1093/neuonc/noz153</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Goldbrunner R, Weller M, Regis J, et al. EANO guideline on the diagnosis and treatment of vestibular schwannoma. Neuro–Oncology. 2020;22(1):31–45. doi: 10.1093/neuonc/noz153</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shin DW, Kim JH, Chong S, et al. Intracranial solitary fibrous tumor/hemangiopericytoma: tumor reclassification and assessment of treatment outcome via the 2016 WHO classification. Journal of Neuro–Oncology. 2021;154:171–178. doi: 10.1007/s11060–021–03733–7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shin D.W., Kim J.H., Chong S., et al. Intracranial solitary fibrous tumor/hemangiopericytoma: tumor reclassification and assessment of treatment outcome via the 2016 WHO classification // Journal of Neuro–Oncology. 2021. Vol. 154. P. 171–178. doi: 10.1007/s11060–021–03733–7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Shin DW, Kim JH, Chong S, et al. Intracranial solitary fibrous tumor/hemangiopericytoma: tumor reclassification and assessment of treatment outcome via the 2016 WHO classification. Journal of Neuro–Oncology. 2021;154:171–178. doi: 10.1007/s11060–021–03733–7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Louis DN, Perry A, Wesseling P, et al. The 2021 WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System: a summary. Neuro–Oncology. 2021;23(8):1231–1251. doi: 10.1093/neuonc/noab106</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Louis D.N., Perry A., Wesseling P., et al. The 2021 WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System: a summary // Neuro–Oncology. 2021. Vol. 23, N 8. P. 1231–1251. doi: 10.1093/neuonc/noab106</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Louis DN, Perry A, Wesseling P, et al. The 2021 WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System: a summary. Neuro–Oncology. 2021;23(8):1231–1251. doi: 10.1093/neuonc/noab106</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fountain DM, Young AMH, Santarius T. Malignant meningiomas. Handbook of Clinical Neurology. 2020;170:245–250. doi: 10.1016/B978–0–12–822198–3.00044–6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fountain D.M., Young A.M.H., Santarius T. Malignant meningiomas // Handbook of Clinical Neurology. 2020. Vol. 170. P. 245–250. doi: 10.1016/B978–0–12–822198–3.00044–6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Fountain DM, Young AMH, Santarius T. Malignant meningiomas. Handbook of Clinical Neurology. 2020;170:245–250. doi: 10.1016/B978–0–12–822198–3.00044–6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Laviv Y, Thomas A, Kasper EM. Hypervascular Lesions of the Cerebellopontine Angle: The Relevance of Angiography as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Tool and the Role of Stereotactic Radiosurgery in Management. A Comprehensive Review. World Neurosurgery. 2017;100:100–117. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.12.091</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Laviv Y., Thomas A., Kasper E.M. Hypervascular Lesions of the Cerebellopontine Angle: The Relevance of Angiography as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Tool and the Role of Stereotactic Radiosurgery in Management. A Comprehensive Review // World Neurosurgery. 2017. Vol. 100. P. 100–117. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.12.091</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Laviv Y, Thomas A, Kasper EM. Hypervascular Lesions of the Cerebellopontine Angle: The Relevance of Angiography as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Tool and the Role of Stereotactic Radiosurgery in Management. A Comprehensive Review. World Neurosurgery. 2017;100:100–117. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.12.091</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Konar S, Jayan M, Shukla D, et al. The risks factor of recurrence after skull base hemangiopericytoma management: A retrospective case series and review of literature. Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery. 2021;208:106866. doi: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2021.106866</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Konar S., Jayan M., Shukla D., et al. The risks factor of recurrence after skull base hemangiopericytoma management: A retrospective case series and review of literature // Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery. 2021. Vol. 208. P. 106866. doi: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2021.106866</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Konar S, Jayan M, Shukla D, et al. The risks factor of recurrence after skull base hemangiopericytoma management: A retrospective case series and review of literature. Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery. 2021;208:106866. doi: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2021.106866</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kinslow CJ, Bruce SS, Rae AI, et al. Solitary–fibrous tumor/ hemangiopericytoma of the central nervous system: a population–based study. Journal of Neuro–Oncology. 2018;138(1):173–182. doi: 10.1007/s11060–018–2787–7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kinslow C.J., Bruce S.S., Rae A.I., et al. Solitary–fibrous tumor/ hemangiopericytoma of the central nervous system: a population–based study // Journal of Neuro–Oncology. 2018. Vol. 138, N 1. P. 173–182. doi: 10.1007/s11060–018–2787–7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Kinslow CJ, Bruce SS, Rae AI, et al. Solitary–fibrous tumor/ hemangiopericytoma of the central nervous system: a population–based study. Journal of Neuro–Oncology. 2018;138(1):173–182. doi: 10.1007/s11060–018–2787–7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Osborn AG, Salzman KL, Jhaveri MD. Diagnostic Imaging. Brain. Moscow: Izdatel’stvo Panfilova; 2018. (In Russ).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Осборн А.Г., Зальцман К.Л., Завери М.Д. Лучевая диагностика. Головной мозг / пер. Д.И. Волобуева. Москва : Издательство Панфилова, 2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Osborn AG, Salzman KL, Jhaveri MD. Diagnostic Imaging. Brain. Moscow: Izdatel’stvo Panfilova; 2018. (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cohen–Inbar O. Nervous System Hemangiopericytoma. Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences. 2020;47(1):18–29. doi: 10.1017/cjn.2019.311</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cohen–Inbar O. Nervous System Hemangiopericytoma // Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences. 2020. Vol. 47, N 1. P. 18–29. doi: 10.1017/cjn.2019.311</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Cohen–Inbar O. Nervous System Hemangiopericytoma. Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences. 2020;47(1):18–29. doi: 10.1017/cjn.2019.311</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zakhari N, Torres C, Castillo M, et al. Uncommon Cranial Meningioma: Key Imaging Features on Conventional and Advanced Imaging. Clinical Neuroradiology. 2017;27(2):135–144. doi: 10.1007/s00062–017–0583–y</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zakhari N., Torres C., Castillo M., et al. Uncommon Cranial Meningioma: Key Imaging Features on Conventional and Advanced Imaging // Clinical Neuroradiology. 2017. Vol. 27, N 2. P. 135–144. doi: 10.1007/s00062–017–0583–y</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Zakhari N, Torres C, Castillo M, et al. Uncommon Cranial Meningioma: Key Imaging Features on Conventional and Advanced Imaging. Clinical Neuroradiology. 2017;27(2):135–144. doi: 10.1007/s00062–017–0583–y</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hale AT, Wang L, Strother MK, et al. Differentiating meningioma grade by imaging features on magnetic resonance imaging. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience. 2018;48:71–75. doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2017.11.013</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hale A.T., Wang L., Strother M.K., et al. Differentiating meningioma grade by imaging features on magnetic resonance imaging // Journal of Clinical Neuroscience. 2018. Vol. 48. P. 71–75. doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2017.11.013</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Hale AT, Wang L, Strother MK, et al. Differentiating meningioma grade by imaging features on magnetic resonance imaging. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience. 2018;48:71–75. doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2017.11.013</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ugga L, Spadarella G, Pinto L, et al. Meningioma Radiomics: At the Nexus of Imaging, Pathology and Biomolecular Characterization. Cancers (Basel). 2022;14(11):2605. doi: 10.3390/cancers14112605</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ugga L., Spadarella G., Pinto L., et al. Meningioma Radiomics: At the Nexus of Imaging, Pathology and Biomolecular Characterization // Cancers (Basel). 2022. Vol. 14, N 11. P. 2605. doi: 10.3390/cancers14112605</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Ugga L, Spadarella G, Pinto L, et al. Meningioma Radiomics: At the Nexus of Imaging, Pathology and Biomolecular Characterization. Cancers (Basel). 2022;14(11):2605. doi: 10.3390/cancers14112605</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aerts HJ. The Potential of Radiomic-Based Phenotyping in Precision Medicine: A Review. JAMA Oncology. 2016;2(12):1636–1642. doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2016.2631</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aerts H.J. The Potential of Radiomic–Based Phenotyping in Precision Medicine: A Review // JAMA Oncology. 2016. Vol. 2, N 12. P. 1636–1642. doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2016.2631</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Aerts HJ. The Potential of Radiomic-Based Phenotyping in Precision Medicine: A Review. JAMA Oncology. 2016;2(12):1636–1642. doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2016.2631</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gillies RJ, Kinahan PE, Hricak H. Radiomics: Images Are More than Pictures, They Are Data. Radiology. 2016;278(2):563–577. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2015151169</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gillies R.J., Kinahan P.E., Hricak H. Radiomics: Images Are More than Pictures, They Are Data // Radiology. 2016. Vol. 278, N 2. P. 563–577. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2015151169</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Gillies RJ, Kinahan PE, Hricak H. Radiomics: Images Are More than Pictures, They Are Data. Radiology. 2016;278(2):563–577. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2015151169</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu Z, Wang S, Dong D, et al. The Applications of Radiomics in Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Oncology: Opportunities and Challenges. Theranostics. 2019;9(5):1303–1322. doi: 10.7150/thno.30309</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu Z., Wang S., Dong D., et al. The Applications of Radiomics in Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Oncology: Opportunities and Challenges // Theranostics. 2019. Vol. 9, N 5. P. 1303–1322. doi: 10.7150/thno.30309</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Liu Z, Wang S, Dong D, et al. The Applications of Radiomics in Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Oncology: Opportunities and Challenges. Theranostics. 2019;9(5):1303–1322. doi: 10.7150/thno.30309</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kapishnikov AV, Surovcev EN, Udalov YuD. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Primary Extra-Axial Intracranial Tumors: Diagnostic Problems and Prospects of Radiomics. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2022;67(4):49–56. (In Russ). doi: 10.33266/1024–6177–2022–67–4–49–56</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Капишников А.В., Суровцев Е.Н., Удалов Ю.Д. Магнитно–резонансная томография первичных внемозговых опухолей: проблемы диагностики и перспективы радиомики // Медицинская радиология и радиационная безопасность. 2022. Т. 67. № 4. С. 49–56. doi: 10.33266/1024–6177–2022–67–4–49–56</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Kapishnikov AV, Surovcev EN, Udalov YuD. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Primary Extra-Axial Intracranial Tumors: Diagnostic Problems and Prospects of Radiomics. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2022;67(4):49–56. (In Russ). doi: 10.33266/1024–6177–2022–67–4–49–56</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Park YW, Oh J, You SC, et al. Radiomics and machine learning may accurately predict the grade and histological subtype in meningiomas using conventional and diffusion tensor imaging. European Radiology. 2019;29(8):4068–4076. doi: 10.1007/s00330–018–5830–3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Park Y.W., Oh J., You S.C., et al. Radiomics and machine learning may accurately predict the grade and histological subtype in meningiomas using conventional and diffusion tensor imaging. European Radiology. 2019. Vol. 29, N 8. P. 4068–4076. doi: 10.1007/s00330–018–5830–3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Park YW, Oh J, You SC, et al. Radiomics and machine learning may accurately predict the grade and histological subtype in meningiomas using conventional and diffusion tensor imaging. European Radiology. 2019;29(8):4068–4076. doi: 10.1007/s00330–018–5830–3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Laukamp KR, Shakirin G, Baeßler B, et al. Accuracy of Radiomics–Based Feature Analysis on Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Images for Noninvasive Meningioma Grading. World Neurosurgery. 2019;132:e366–e390. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.08.148.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Laukamp K.R., Shakirin G., Baeßler B., et al. Accuracy of Radiomics–Based Feature Analysis on Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Images for Noninvasive Meningioma Grading // World Neurosurgery. 2019;132:e366–e390. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.08.148.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Laukamp KR, Shakirin G, Baeßler B, et al. Accuracy of Radiomics–Based Feature Analysis on Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Images for Noninvasive Meningioma Grading. World Neurosurgery. 2019;132:e366–e390. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.08.148.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lu Y, Liu L, Luan S, et al. The diagnostic value of texture analysis in predicting WHO grades of meningiomas based on ADC maps: an attempt using decision tree and decision forest. European Radiology. 2019;29(3):1318–1328. doi: 10.1007/s00330–018–5632–7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lu Y., Liu L., Luan S., et al. The diagnostic value of texture analysis in predicting WHO grades of meningiomas based on ADC maps: an attempt using decision tree and decision forest // European Radiology. 2019. Vol. 29, N 3. P. 1318–1328. doi: 10.1007/s00330–018–5632–7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Lu Y, Liu L, Luan S, et al. The diagnostic value of texture analysis in predicting WHO grades of meningiomas based on ADC maps: an attempt using decision tree and decision forest. European Radiology. 2019;29(3):1318–1328. doi: 10.1007/s00330–018–5632–7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen C, Guo X, Wang J, et al. The Diagnostic Value of Radiomics–Based Machine Learning in Predicting the Grade of Meningiomas Using Conventional Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Preliminary Study. Frontiers in Oncology. 2019;9:1338. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01338</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen C., Guo X., Wang J., et al. The Diagnostic Value of Radiomics–Based Machine Learning in Predicting the Grade of Meningiomas Using Conventional Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Preliminary Study // Frontiers in Oncology. 2019. Vol. 9. P. 1338. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01338</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Chen C, Guo X, Wang J, et al. The Diagnostic Value of Radiomics–Based Machine Learning in Predicting the Grade of Meningiomas Using Conventional Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Preliminary Study. Frontiers in Oncology. 2019;9:1338. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01338</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhu Y, Man C, Gong L, et al. A deep learning radiomics model for preoperative grading in meningioma. European Journal of Radiology. 2019;116:128–134. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2019.04.022</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhu Y., Man C., Gong L., et al. A deep learning radiomics model for preoperative grading in meningioma // European Journal of Radiology. 2019. Vol. 116. P. 128–134. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2019.04.022</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Zhu Y, Man C, Gong L, et al. A deep learning radiomics model for preoperative grading in meningioma. European Journal of Radiology. 2019;116:128–134. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2019.04.022</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morin O, Chen WC, Nassiri F, et al, Vasudevan HN, et al. Integrated models incorporating radiologic and radiomic features predict meningioma grade, local failure, and overall survival. Neuro–Oncology Advances. 2019;1(1):z11. doi: 10.1093/noajnl/vdz011</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morin O., Chen W.C., Nassiri F., et al, Vasudevan HN, et al. Integrated models incorporating radiologic and radiomic features predict meningioma grade, local failure, and overall survival // Neuro–Oncology Advances. 2019. Vol. 1, N 1. P. z11. doi: 10.1093/noajnl/vdz011</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Morin O, Chen WC, Nassiri F, et al, Vasudevan HN, et al. Integrated models incorporating radiologic and radiomic features predict meningioma grade, local failure, and overall survival. Neuro–Oncology Advances. 2019;1(1):z11. doi: 10.1093/noajnl/vdz011</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li X, Miao Y, Han L, et al. Meningioma grading using conventional MRI histogram analysis based on 3D tumor measurement. European Journal of Radiology. 2019;110:45–53. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2018.11.016</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li X., Miao Y., Han L., et al. Meningioma grading using conventional MRI histogram analysis based on 3D tumor measurement // European Journal of Radiology. 2019. Vol. 110. P. 45–53. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2018.11.016</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Li X, Miao Y, Han L, et al. Meningioma grading using conventional MRI histogram analysis based on 3D tumor measurement. European Journal of Radiology. 2019;110:45–53. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2018.11.016</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ke C, Chen H, Lv X, et al. Differentiation Between Benign and Nonbenign Meningiomas by Using Texture Analysis From Multiparametric MRI. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging. 2020;51(6):1810–1820. doi: 10.1002/jmri.26976</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ke C., Chen H., Lv X., et al. Differentiation Between Benign and Nonbenign Meningiomas by Using Texture Analysis From Multiparametric MRI // Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging. 2020. Vol. 51, N 6. P. 1810–1820. doi: 10.1002/jmri.26976</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Ke C, Chen H, Lv X, et al. Differentiation Between Benign and Nonbenign Meningiomas by Using Texture Analysis From Multiparametric MRI. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging. 2020;51(6):1810–1820. doi: 10.1002/jmri.26976</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hu J, Zhao Y, Li M, et al. Machine learning–based radiomics analysis in predicting the meningioma grade using multiparametric MRI. European Journal of Radiology. 2020;131. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2020.109251</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hu J., Zhao Y., Li M., et al. Machine learning–based radiomics analysis in predicting the meningioma grade using multiparametric MRI // European Journal of Radiology. 2020. Vol. 131. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2020.109251</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Hu J, Zhao Y, Li M, et al. Machine learning–based radiomics analysis in predicting the meningioma grade using multiparametric MRI. European Journal of Radiology. 2020;131. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2020.109251</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chu H, Lin X, He J, et al. Value of MRI Radiomics Based on Enhanced T1WI Images in Prediction of Meningiomas Grade. Academic Radiology. 2021;28(5):687–693. doi: 10.1016/j.acra.2020.03.034</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chu H., Lin X., He J., et al. Value of MRI Radiomics Based on Enhanced T1WI Images in Prediction of Meningiomas Grade // Academic Radiology. 2021. Vol. 28, N 5. P. 687–693. doi: 10.1016/j.acra.2020.03.034</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Chu H, Lin X, He J, et al. Value of MRI Radiomics Based on Enhanced T1WI Images in Prediction of Meningiomas Grade. Academic Radiology. 2021;28(5):687–693. doi: 10.1016/j.acra.2020.03.034</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Han Y, Wang T, Wu P, et al. Meningiomas: Preoperative predictive histopathological grading based on radiomics of MRI. Magnetic Resonance Imaging. 2021;77:36–43. doi: 10.1016/j.mri.2020.11.009</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Han Y., Wang T., Wu P., et al. Meningiomas: Preoperative predictive histopathological grading based on radiomics of MRI // Magnetic Resonance Imaging. 2021. Vol. 77. P. 36–43. doi: 10.1016/j.mri.2020.11.009</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Han Y, Wang T, Wu P, et al. Meningiomas: Preoperative predictive histopathological grading based on radiomics of MRI. Magnetic Resonance Imaging. 2021;77:36–43. doi: 10.1016/j.mri.2020.11.009</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang J, Zhang G, Cao Y, et al. A Magnetic Resonance Imaging–Based Radiomic Model for the Noninvasive Preoperative Differentiation Between Transitional and Atypical Meningiomas. Frontiers in Oncology. 2022;12:811767. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.811767</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang J., Zhang G., Cao Y., et al. A Magnetic Resonance Imaging–Based Radiomic Model for the Noninvasive Preoperative Differentiation Between Transitional and Atypical Meningiomas // Frontiers in Oncology. 2022. Vol. 12. P. 811767. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.811767</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Zhang J, Zhang G, Cao Y, et al. A Magnetic Resonance Imaging–Based Radiomic Model for the Noninvasive Preoperative Differentiation Between Transitional and Atypical Meningiomas. Frontiers in Oncology. 2022;12:811767. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.811767</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li X, Lu Y, Xiong J, et al. Presurgical differentiation between malignant haemangiopericytoma and angiomatous meningioma by a radiomics approach based on texture analysis. Journal of Neuroradiology. 2019;46(5):281–287. doi: 10.1016/j.neurad.2019.05.013</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li X., Lu Y., Xiong J., et al. Presurgical differentiation between malignant haemangiopericytoma and angiomatous meningioma by a radiomics approach based on texture analysis // Journal of Neuroradiology. 2019. Vol. 46, N 5. P. 281–287. doi: 10.1016/j.neurad.2019.05.013</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Li X, Lu Y, Xiong J, et al. Presurgical differentiation between malignant haemangiopericytoma and angiomatous meningioma by a radiomics approach based on texture analysis. Journal of Neuroradiology. 2019;46(5):281–287. doi: 10.1016/j.neurad.2019.05.013</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dong J, Yu M, Miao Y, et al. Differential Diagnosis of Solitary Fibrous Tumor/Hemangiopericytoma and Angiomatous Meningioma Using Three–Dimensional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Texture Feature Model. BioMed Research International. 2020;2020. doi: 10.1155/2020/5042356</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dong J., Yu M., Miao Y., et al. Differential Diagnosis of Solitary Fibrous Tumor/Hemangiopericytoma and Angiomatous Meningioma Using Three–Dimensional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Texture Feature Model // BioMed Research International. 2020. Vol. 2020. doi: 10.1155/2020/5042356</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Dong J, Yu M, Miao Y, et al. Differential Diagnosis of Solitary Fibrous Tumor/Hemangiopericytoma and Angiomatous Meningioma Using Three–Dimensional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Texture Feature Model. BioMed Research International. 2020;2020. doi: 10.1155/2020/5042356</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fan Y, Liu P, Li Y, et al. Non–Invasive Preoperative Imaging Differential Diagnosis of Intracranial Hemangiopericytoma and Angiomatous Meningioma: A Novel Developed and Validated Multiparametric MRI–Based Clini–Radiomic Model. Frontiers in Oncology. 2022;11:792521. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.792521</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fan Y., Liu P., Li Y., et al. Non–Invasive Preoperative Imaging Differential Diagnosis of Intracranial Hemangiopericytoma and Angiomatous Meningioma: A Novel Developed and Validated Multiparametric MRI–Based Clini–Radiomic Model // Frontiers in Oncology. 2022. Vol. 11. P. 792521. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.792521</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Fan Y, Liu P, Li Y, et al. Non–Invasive Preoperative Imaging Differential Diagnosis of Intracranial Hemangiopericytoma and Angiomatous Meningioma: A Novel Developed and Validated Multiparametric MRI–Based Clini–Radiomic Model. Frontiers in Oncology. 2022;11:792521. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.792521</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wei J, Li L, Han Y, et al. Accurate Preoperative Distinction of Intracranial Hemangiopericytoma From Meningioma Using a Multihabitat and Multisequence–Based Radiomics Diagnostic Technique. Frontiers in Oncology. 2020;10:534. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00534</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wei J., Li L., Han Y., et al. Accurate Preoperative Distinction of Intracranial Hemangiopericytoma From Meningioma Using a Multihabitat and Multisequence–Based Radiomics Diagnostic Technique // Frontiers in Oncology. 2020. Vol. 10. P. 534. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00534</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Wei J, Li L, Han Y, et al. Accurate Preoperative Distinction of Intracranial Hemangiopericytoma From Meningioma Using a Multihabitat and Multisequence–Based Radiomics Diagnostic Technique. Frontiers in Oncology. 2020;10:534. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00534</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tian Z, Chen C, Zhang Y, et al. Radiomic Analysis of Craniopharyngioma and Meningioma in the Sellar/Parasellar Area with MR Images Features and Texture Features: A Feasible Study. Contrast Media &amp; Molecular Imaging. 2020;2020. doi: 10.1155/2020/4837156</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tian Z., Chen C., Zhang Y., et al. Radiomic Analysis of Craniopharyngioma and Meningioma in the Sellar/Parasellar Area with MR Images Features and Texture Features: A Feasible Study // Contrast Media &amp; Molecular Imaging. 2020. Vol. 2020. doi: 10.1155/2020/4837156</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Tian Z, Chen C, Zhang Y, et al. Radiomic Analysis of Craniopharyngioma and Meningioma in the Sellar/Parasellar Area with MR Images Features and Texture Features: A Feasible Study. Contrast Media &amp; Molecular Imaging. 2020;2020. doi: 10.1155/2020/4837156</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang C, You L, Zhang X, et al. A radiomics–based study for differentiating parasellar cavernous hemangiomas from meningiomas. Scientific Reports. 2022;12. doi: 10.1038/s41598–022–19770–9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang C., You L., Zhang X., et al. A radiomics–based study for differentiating parasellar cavernous hemangiomas from meningiomas // Scientific Reports. 2022. Vol. 12. doi: 10.1038/s41598–022–19770–9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Wang C, You L, Zhang X, et al. A radiomics–based study for differentiating parasellar cavernous hemangiomas from meningiomas. Scientific Reports. 2022;12. doi: 10.1038/s41598–022–19770–9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Surovcev EN, Kapishnikov AV, Kolsanov AV. Comparative evaluation of the possibilities of radiomic analysis of magnetic resonance imaging in the differential diagnostics of primary extra-axial intracranial tumors. Research and Practical Medicine Journal. 2023;10(2):50–61. (In Russ). doi: 10.17709/2410-1893-2023-10-2-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Суровцев Е.Н., Капишников А.В., Колсанов А.В. Возможности радиомического анализа магнитно-резонансных томограмм в дифференциальной диагностике первичных внемозговых опухолей // Исследования и практика в медицине. 2023. Т. 10, № 2. С. 50–61. doi: 10.17709/2410-1893-2023-10-2-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Surovcev EN, Kapishnikov AV, Kolsanov AV. Comparative evaluation of the possibilities of radiomic analysis of magnetic resonance imaging in the differential diagnostics of primary extra-axial intracranial tumors. Research and Practical Medicine Journal. 2023;10(2):50–61. (In Russ). doi: 10.17709/2410-1893-2023-10-2-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Parmar C, Rios Velazquez E, Leijenaar R, et al. Robust Radiomics feature quantification using semiautomatic volumetric segmentation. PLoS One. 2014;9(7):e102107. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102107</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Parmar C., Rios Velazquez E., Leijenaar R., et al. Robust Radiomics feature quantification using semiautomatic volumetric segmentation // PLoS One. 2014. Vol. 9, N 7. P. e102107. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102107</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Parmar C, Rios Velazquez E, Leijenaar R, et al. Robust Radiomics feature quantification using semiautomatic volumetric segmentation. PLoS One. 2014;9(7):e102107. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102107</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list></back></article>
