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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Digital Diagnostics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Digital Diagnostics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Digital Diagnostics</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>Digital Diagnostics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2712-8490</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2712-8962</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">585195</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/DD585195</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Study Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>原创性科研成果</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Possibilities and limitations of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnostics of endocervical adenocarcinomas</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Возможности и ограничения магнитно-резонансной томографии для диагностики эндоцервикальных аденокарцином шейки матки</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>磁共振成像诊断宫颈内膜腺癌的可能性和局限性</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2668-2110</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6247-3917</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Antonova</surname><given-names>Irina B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Антонова</surname><given-names>Ирина Борисовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Antonova</surname><given-names>Irina B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>Iran24@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2552-5754</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4858-4627</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Aksenova</surname><given-names>Svetlana P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аксенова</surname><given-names>Светлана Павловна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Aksenova</surname><given-names>Svetlana P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>fabella@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5994-0468</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3018-2527</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nudnov</surname><given-names>Nikolay V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нуднов</surname><given-names>Николай Васильевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Nudnov</surname><given-names>Nikolay V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><email>nvnudnov@rncrr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6823-2658</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2338-6164</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kriger</surname><given-names>Anna V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кригер</surname><given-names>Анна Валентиновна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Kriger</surname><given-names>Anna V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dr.akriger@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Scientific Center of Roentgenoradiology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный центр рентгенорадиологии</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Russian Scientific Center of Roentgenoradiology</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-07-18" publication-format="electronic"><day>18</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-09-20" publication-format="electronic"><day>20</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>5</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>149</fpage><lpage>166</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-09-19"><day>19</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-12-04"><day>04</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Эко-вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2024, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-вектор</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://jdigitaldiagnostics.com/DD/article/view/585195">https://jdigitaldiagnostics.com/DD/article/view/585195</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND</bold>:<bold> </bold>In recent decades, the incidence of cervical adenocarcinomas has increased from 5% to 20%. Endocervical adenocarcinomas are characterized by a more aggressive course and early metastasis. Owing to the difficulties in the cytological diagnosis of cervical adenocarcinoma, early radiation diagnostics and staging subsequently play a key role. Very few studies have examined the use of magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosing cervical adenocarcinomas.</p> <p><bold>AIM</bold>: To determine the diagnostic informativeness of magnetic resonance imaging in the staging of cervical adenocarcinomas according to the T-criterion and assessing the depth of tumor invasion into the stroma of the cervix and clarify the semiotic signs of adenocarcinoma and features of tumor growth in the uterus.</p> <p><bold>MATERIALS AND METHODS</bold>: In total, 123 patients diagnosed with cervical cancer (C53), who underwent diagnosis and treatment between 2020 and 2023, were examined. The examination results of 22 (18%) patients with cervical adenocarcinoma were analyzed. The average patient age was 56 years. A multiparametric magnetic resonance examination of the pelvic organs was performed on 22 patients using tomographs with a magnetic field strength of 1.5 T. Moreover, 14 (64%) patients underwent surgery including extirpation of the uterus and appendages with pelvic lymphadenectomy. The information value of magnetic resonance imaging was evaluated in 11 patients, whose first stage was surgical treatment.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS</bold>: In this study, cervical adenocarcinoma was detected in 18% among all cases of cervical cancer. The information value of magnetic resonance imaging in assessing the local prevalence of endocervical adenocarcinoma according to the T-criterion was as follows (main value with the corresponding 95% confidence interval): sensitivity, 77.78% (39.99%–97.19%); specificity, 50.00% (1.26%–98.74%); positive predictive value, 87.50% (62.64%–96.69%); negative predictive value, 33.33% (7.30%–76.04%); and accuracy, 72.73% (39.03%–93.98%). The information value of magnetic resonance imaging in assessing the depth of tumor invasion into the cervical stroma was as follows: odds ratio, 3.500 (0.145%–84.694%); sensitivity, 85.7% (0.757%–0.993%); specificity, 33.3% (0.018%–0.0648%); positive predictive value, 75% (0.673%–0.883%); negative predictive value, 50% (0.027%–0.972%).</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSIONS</bold>: The results of this study showed that magnetic resonance imaging is a good tool with high diagnostic informativeness in detecting endocervical cervical adenocarcinoma. The four macrostructures of tumor growth in endocervical adenocarcinoma identified during magnetic resonance imaging data analysis indicate locally aggressive tumor growth and a high frequency of endometrial dropouts. This finding will allow radiologists to structure a descriptive picture, including the verified cervical adenocarcinoma, to enhance methods of developing a treatment plan for the patient.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование</bold>. В последние десятилетия отмечается рост аденокарцином шейки матки с 5% до 20%. Установлено, что эндоцервикальные аденокарциномы характеризуются более агрессивным течением и ранним метастазированием. В связи с трудностями цитологической диагностики аденокарциномы шейки матки лучевая диагностика играет ключевую роль на этапе установления диагноза и стадирования впоследствии. На настоящий момент исследований, посвящённых использованию магнитно-резонансной томографии в диагностике аденокарцином шейки матки, очень мало.</p> <p><bold>Цель </bold>— определить диагностическую информативность магнитно-резонансной томографии в стадировании аденокарцином шейки матки по Т-критерию, а также в оценке глубины инвазии опухоли в строму шейки матки, уточнить семиотические признаки аденокарциномы и особенности роста опухоли в матке.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы</bold>. В период с 2020 по 2023 год обследовано 123 пациентки с диагнозом рак шейки матки (С53). Детально проанализированы результаты обследования 22 (18%) пациенток с аденокарциномой шейки матки (средний возраст 56 лет), которым проводилась магнитно-резонансная томография органов малого таза на томографе с напряжённостью магнитного поля 1,5 Тл. Анализ информативности магнитно-резонансной томографии оценивался у 11/22 (50%) пациенток, у которых первым этапом было проведено хирургическое лечение в объёме экстирпации матки с придатками. Для анализа диагностической информативности проводилось сравнение данных магнитно-резонансной томографии и патоморфологического исследования операционного материала. Статистическая обработка результатов исследования проводилась с использованием программного приложения Microsoft Excel, JavaStat.</p> <p><bold>Результаты</bold>. В нашем исследовании аденокарцинома шейки матки определялась в 18% наблюдений среди всех случаев рака шейки матки. Информативность магнитно-резонансной томографии в оценке местной распространённости эндоцервикальных аденокарцином (по Т-критерию) составила (здесь и далее в скобках после основного значения указан 95% доверительный интервал): чувствительность — 77,78% (39,99–97,19%); специфичность — 50,00% (1,26–98,74%); предсказательная ценность положительного результата — 87,50% (62,64–96,69%); предсказательная ценность отрицательного результата — 33,33% (7,30–76,04%); точность — 72,73% (39,03–93,98%). Информативность магнитно-резонансной томографии в оценке глубины инвазии опухоли в строму шейки матки составила: отношение шансов — 3,500 (0,145–84,694); чувствительность — 85,7% (0,757–0,993), специфичность — 33,3% (0,018–0,0648), предсказательная ценность положительного результата — 75% (0,673–0,883), предсказательная ценность отрицательного результата — 50% (0,027–0,972).</p> <p><bold>Заключение</bold>. Настоящее исследование показало, что магнитно-резонансная томография является хорошим инструментом с высокими показателями диагностической информативности метода в выявлении эндоцервикальной аденокарциномы шейки матки. Выделенные в ходе анализа данных магнитно-резонансной томографии 4 типа макроструктуры опухолевого роста аденокарциномы шейки матки указывают на местноагрессивный рост опухоли, высокую частоту отсевов в эндометрий, а также позволят структурировать описательную картину врачу-рентгенологу в том числе при верифицированной аденокарциноме шейки матки, что в дальнейшем позволит лучшим образом выработать план лечения пациентки.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p><bold>论证</bold>。近几十年来，宫颈腺癌的发病率从 5% 上升到 20%。已证实宫颈内膜腺癌的特点是病程较长，转移较早。由于宫颈腺癌细胞学诊断的困难，放射诊断在诊断和分期阶段发挥着关键作用。迄今为止，关于磁共振成像在宫颈腺癌诊断中的应用的研究还很少。</p> <p>目的是确定磁共振成像在根据 T 标准对宫颈腺癌进行分期时的诊断信息量，以及在评估肿瘤侵入宫颈基质的深度时的诊断信息量，明确腺癌的符号标志和肿瘤在子宫内生长的特殊性。</p> <p><bold>材料和方法</bold>。2020 年至 2023 年间，123 名确诊为宫颈癌（C53）的患者接受了检查。我们详细分析了 22 名（18%）宫颈腺癌患者（平均年龄 56 岁）使用 1.5 特斯拉磁场强度断层扫描仪接受盆腔器官磁共振成像的结果。对 11/22 例（50%）患者的磁共振成像信息分析进行了评估，这些患者接受了第一阶段手术治疗，切除了子宫和附件。为了分析诊断的信息量，对磁共振成像数据和手术材料的病理形态学检查数据进行了比较。研究结果的统计处理使用 Microsoft Excel 和 JavaStat 软件应用程序进行。</p> <p><bold>结果</bold>。磁共振成像在评估宫颈内膜腺癌局部患病率方面的信息量（根据 T 标准）为（以下主要值后的括号中给出了 95% 的置信区间）：灵敏度为 77.78%（39.99%-97.19%）；特异性为 50.00%（1.26%-98.74%）；阳性结果预测值为 87.50%（62.64%-96.69%）；阴性结果预测值为 33.33%（7.30%-76.04%）；准确度为 72.73%（39.03%-93.98%）。磁共振成像在评估肿瘤侵入宫颈基质深度方面的信息量为：机会比率为 3.500（0.145-84.694）；灵敏度为 85.7%（0.757-0.993），特异性为 33.3%（0.018-0.0648），阳性结果预测值为 75%（0.673-0.883），阴性结果预测值为 50%（0.027-0.972）。</p> <p><bold>结论</bold>。本研究表明了，磁共振成像是检测宫颈内膜腺癌的良好工具，具有很高的诊断信息量。在磁共振成像数据分析过程中发现的宫颈腺癌肿瘤生长宏观结构的 4 种类型表明，肿瘤生长具有局部侵袭性，向子宫内膜脱落的频率较高。这样就能为放射科医生提供描述性的图片结构，在宫颈腺癌得到证实的情况下也是如此，从而为患者制定更好的治疗方案。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>adenocarcinoma</kwd><kwd>magnetic resonance imaging</kwd><kwd>cervical cancer</kwd><kwd>diagnostic techniques</kwd><kwd>obstetrics and gynecology</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эндоцервикальная аденокарцинома</kwd><kwd>рак шейки матки</kwd><kwd>магнитно-резонансная томография</kwd><kwd>диагностика в гинекологии</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>宫颈内膜腺癌</kwd><kwd>宫颈癌</kwd><kwd>磁共振成像</kwd><kwd>妇科诊断</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Global health estimates: Leading causes of death. 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