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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Digital Diagnostics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Digital Diagnostics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Digital Diagnostics</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>Digital Diagnostics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2712-8490</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2712-8962</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">623341</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/DD623341</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>科学评论</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Anthropomorphic breast phantoms for radiology imaging: a review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Антропоморфные фантомы молочной железы для лучевой диагностики: научный обзор</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>用于放射诊断的仿真乳房模型：科学综述</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5283-5961</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4458-5608</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasilev</surname><given-names>Yuriy A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васильев</surname><given-names>Юрий Александрович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Vasilev</surname><given-names>Yuriy A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><email>VasilevYA1@zdrav.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0245-4431</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8948-6152</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Omelyanskaya</surname><given-names>Olga V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Омелянская</surname><given-names>Ольга Васильевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Omelyanskaya</surname><given-names>Olga V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>OmelyanskayaOV@zdrav.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1695-7731</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2482-3372</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nasibullina</surname><given-names>Anastasia A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Насибуллина</surname><given-names>Анастасия Александровна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Nasibullina</surname><given-names>Anastasia A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>NasibullinaAA@zdrav.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0916-6552</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5510-4075</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Leonov</surname><given-names>Denis V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Леонов</surname><given-names>Денис Владимирович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Leonov</surname><given-names>Denis V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Tech.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. техн. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Cand. Sci. (Tech.)</p></bio><email>LeonovDV2@zdrav.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1627-6568</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8945-6205</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bulgakova</surname><given-names>Julia V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Булгакова</surname><given-names>Юлия Владиславовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Bulgakova</surname><given-names>Julia V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>BulgakovaYV@zdrav.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7705-9754</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6983-5991</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Akhmedzyanova</surname><given-names>Dina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ахмедзянова</surname><given-names>Дина Альфредовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Akhmedzyanova</surname><given-names>Dina A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>AkhmedzyanovaDA@zdrav.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8521-4045</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3164-5518</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shumskaya</surname><given-names>Yuliya F.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шумская</surname><given-names>Юлия Федоровна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Shumskaya</surname><given-names>Yuliya F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>shumskayayf@zdrav.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9661-0254</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8592-0558</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Reshetnikov</surname><given-names>Roman V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Решетников</surname><given-names>Роман Владимирович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Reshetnikov</surname><given-names>Roman V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Phys. and Math.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. ф.-м. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Cand. Sci. (Phys. and Math.)</p></bio><email>r.reshetnikov@npcmr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research and Practical Clinical Center for Diagnostics and Telemedicine Technologies</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-практический клинический центр диагностики и телемедицинских технологий</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Research and Practical Clinical Center for Diagnostics and Telemedicine Technologies</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-12-06" publication-format="electronic"><day>06</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>4</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>569</fpage><lpage>592</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-11-14"><day>14</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-11-27"><day>27</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Эко-вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-вектор</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://jdigitaldiagnostics.com/DD/article/view/623341">https://jdigitaldiagnostics.com/DD/article/view/623341</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Phantoms are used to validate diagnostic imaging methods or improve the skills of medical professionals. For instance, they allow conducting an unlimited number of imaging studies during medical training, assessing image quality, optimizing radiation dose, and testing novel techniques and equipment. Researchers in breast imaging use anthropomorphic models to validate, assess, and optimize new methods for diagnosing breast diseases. Such models also facilitate control over the quality of diagnostic systems, help optimize clinical protocols, and improve image reconstruction algorithms. Realistic simulation of the breast tissue is essential to address the challenges of advancing X-ray mammary gland studies. The review aimed to describe phantoms currently available for diagnostic imaging and the way they were fabricated. In this literature review, PubMed, eLIBRARY, and Google Scholar databases were screened for relevant articles. Thus, 72 articles and 13 conference papers were included. The study two major types of breast phantoms: computational and physical. Specifically, computational phantoms are classified into subgroups depending on the data they use. These include mathematical models, tissue samples, and medical images of the breast. The classification of the physical phantoms is based on their manufacturing process: casting silicone-like substances, 3D printing with resins and plastics, or printing on paper using X-ray contrast ink. Computational phantoms are generally advantageous with respect to versatility, efficiency, precision, and safety and allow the generation of large amounts of virtual data. Physical phantoms provide the most realistic diagnostic images without the need for a patient and allow performing an unlimited number of radiological studies.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Фантомы молочной железы применяются для разработки, валидации и усовершенствования методов лучевой диагностики. В визуализации молочной железы антропоморфные модели используются для валидации, оценки и оптимизации новых методов диагностики заболеваний молочной железы, а также для контроля качества диагностических систем, совершенствования клинических протоколов и алгоритмов реконструкции изображений. Ключевым требованием к фантомам для решения этих задач является реалистичная имитация органа.</p> <p>В обзоре описаны существующие на настоящий момент варианты фантомов молочной железы для лучевой диагностики и процесса их создания.</p> <p>Поиск литературы, соответствующей теме обзора, производился в базах данных PubMed, eLibrary, а также в поисковой системе Google Scholar. Всего в обзор включено 72 статьи и 13 тезисов материалов конференций.</p> <p>Все виды фантомов молочной железы можно разделить на два вида: вычислительные и физические. Вычислительные, в свою очередь, подразделяются на группы в зависимости от типа первичных данных: на основе математических моделей, из образцов тканей, с использований изображений медицинской визуализации молочной железы пациентки. Физические фантомы классифицируются в зависимости от способа изготовления: литья, 3D-печати или послойного формирования с использованием контрастных веществ. Основными преимуществами вычислительных фантомов являются универсальность, эффективность, точность и безопасность, а также возможность генерировать большие объёмы виртуальных данных. Физические фантомы позволяют получать наиболее реалистичные диагностические изображения без участия пациентов и проводить неограниченное число лучевых исследований.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>乳房模型被用于放射诊断方法的开发、验证和改进。在乳腺成像中，仿真模型被用于验证、评估和优化诊断乳腺疾病的新方法。仿真模型还被用于诊断系统的质量控制、临床协议和图像重建算法的改进。为了解决这些问题，对仿真模型的关键要求是它作为逼真的器官模拟器。</p> <p>本综述旨在介绍目前可用于放射诊断的乳腺模型变体，并描述其制作过程。</p> <p>我们在PubMed、eLIBRARY和Google Scholar数据库中搜索了与本综述主题有关的文献。共有72篇文章和13份会议纪要被纳入该综述。</p> <p>所有类型的乳房模型可分为两类：计算模型和物理模型。计算模型又根据原始数据的类型分为几组：基于数学模型、来自组织样本、使用患者乳房的医学成像图像。物理模型则根据制作方法分为几组：铸造、3D打印或使用造影剂的逐层制作。计算模型的主要优势在于多功能性、高效性、准确性和安全性，以及生成大量虚拟数据的能力。物理模型可提供最逼真的诊断图像，无需患者参与，并对其可进行无限量的放射检查。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>breast</kwd><kwd>3D printing</kwd><kwd>phantoms</kwd><kwd>imaging phantoms</kwd><kwd>diagnostic radiology</kwd><kwd>literature review</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>молочная железа</kwd><kwd>3D-печать</kwd><kwd>фантомы</kwd><kwd>фантомы для лучевой диагностики</kwd><kwd>лучевая диагностика</kwd><kwd>научный обзор</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>乳腺</kwd><kwd>3D打印</kwd><kwd>模型</kwd><kwd>用于放射诊断的模型</kwd><kwd>放射诊断</kwd><kwd>文献综述</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Департамент здравоохранения города Москвы</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow Health Care Department</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="zh">Moscow Health Care Department</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>123092000013-3</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leonov D, Venidiktova D, Costa-Júnior JFS, et al. 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