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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Digital Diagnostics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Digital Diagnostics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Digital Diagnostics</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>Digital Diagnostics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2712-8490</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2712-8962</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">623889</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/DD623889</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>科学评论</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Conventional and innovative imaging modalities in bladder cancer: Techniques and applications</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Традиционные и инновационные методы визуализации при раке мочевого пузыря: технология выполнения и применение</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>膀胱癌的传统和创新成像技术：技术与应用</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4289-3289</contrib-id><name><surname>Masino</surname><given-names>Federica</given-names></name><address><country country="IT">Italy</country></address><bio><p>MD</p></bio><email>federicamasino@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4172-5126</contrib-id><name><surname>Eusebi</surname><given-names>Laura</given-names></name><address><country country="IT">Italy</country></address><bio><p>MD</p></bio><email>lauraeu@virgilio.it</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3535-5802</contrib-id><name><surname>Muscatella</surname><given-names>Gianmichele</given-names></name><address><country country="IT">Italy</country></address><bio><p>MD</p></bio><email>muscatella94@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1526-5047</contrib-id><name><surname>Montatore</surname><given-names>Manuela</given-names></name><address><country country="IT">Italy</country></address><bio><p>MD</p></bio><email>manuela.montatore@unifg.it</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8804-1805</contrib-id><name><surname>Sortino</surname><given-names>Giuseppe</given-names></name><address><country country="IT">Italy</country></address><bio><p>MD</p></bio><email>giuseppesortino@live.it</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Giannubilo</surname><given-names>Willy</given-names></name><address><country country="IT">Italy</country></address><bio><p>MD</p></bio><email>willygiannubilo@virgilio.it</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4325-8330</contrib-id><name><surname>Guglielmi</surname><given-names>Giuseppe</given-names></name><address><country country="IT">Italy</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Professor</p>
<p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Professor</p></bio><email>giuseppe.guglielmi@unifg.it</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><institution>Foggia University School of Medicine</institution></aff><aff id="aff2"><institution>Carlo Urbani Hospital</institution></aff><aff id="aff3"><institution>Civitanova Marche Hospital</institution></aff><aff id="aff4"><institution>Dimiccoli Hospital</institution></aff><aff id="aff5"><institution>IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital</institution></aff><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-07-19" publication-format="electronic"><day>19</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-09-20" publication-format="electronic"><day>20</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>5</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>318</fpage><lpage>333</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-11-27"><day>27</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-02-06"><day>06</day><month>02</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Эко-вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2024, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-вектор</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://jdigitaldiagnostics.com/DD/article/view/623889">https://jdigitaldiagnostics.com/DD/article/view/623889</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This narrative review describes the current status of imaging in the evaluation of bladder cancer, considering conventional technologies such as ultrasonography, computed tomography urography, and magnetic resonance imaging, as well as novel technologies such as contrast-enhanced ultrasonography and dual-energy computed tomography.</p> <p>The article is organized by first presenting an introduction on both the anatomy of the bladder (to understand its normal appearance on imaging) and the main features of bladder cancer with reference to epidemiology, clinical picture, classification, and treatment. Subsequently, the role of imaging is discussed, with an explanation of the technique and applications in bladder cancer assessment for each modality.</p> <p>Imaging plays a critical role in the detection and staging of bladder cancer. In particular, the role of magnetic resonance imaging is expanding because it enables differentiating muscle-invasive bladder cancer from non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer using the Vesical Imaging-Reporting and Data System (VI-RADS), along with conventional technologies, such as computed tomography urography and ultrasonography. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound and dual-energy computed tomography are new imaging modalities that offer special advantages and provide the right approach to patients with oncological conditions. This review ends with the presentation of integrated imaging modalities such as positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, which are promising methods for bladder cancer staging.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В статье описаны современные методы визуализации при оценке рака мочевого пузыря с учётом традиционных технологий (ультразвуковое исследование, компьютерно-томографическая урография и магнитно-резонансная томография), а также новых технологий, таких как ультразвуковое исследование с контрастным усилением и двухэнергетическая компьютерная томография.</p> <p>В начале статьи представлены общие данные об анатомии мочевого пузыря для понимания его нормального внешнего вида при визуализации, а также основные особенности рака мочевого пузыря с учётом эпидемиологии, клинической картины, классификации и лечения. Затем обсуждается роль каждого метода визуализации с объяснением техники выполнения процедуры и применения в оценке рака мочевого пузыря.</p> <p>Визуализация играет важнейшую роль в выявлении и стадировании рака мочевого пузыря. В частности, в последнее время возрастает роль магнитно-резонансной томографии, которая, дополняя результаты компьютерно-томографической урографии и ультразвукового исследования, позволяет дифференцировать мышечно-инвазивный рак мочевого пузыря от немышечно-инвазивного с помощью системы отчётности и данных о визуализации (VI-RADS). Ультразвуковое исследование с контрастным усилением и двухэнергетическая компьютерная томография — новые методы визуализации, которые обладают особыми преимуществами и обеспечивают правильный подход к пациенту с онкологическими заболеваниями. В конце обзора представлены комбинированные методы визуализации, включающие позитронно-эмиссионную томографию, совмещённую с компьютерной или магнитно-резонансной томографией, которые также перспективны при стадировании рака мочевого пузыря.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>这篇叙述性综述旨在描述成像技术在膀胱癌评估中的现状，其中考虑到了超声检查（US）、计算机断层扫描尿路造影（CTU）和磁共振成像（MRI）等传统技术，以及对比增强超声检查（CEUS）和双能量计算机断层扫描（DECT）等新型技术。文章首先介绍了膀胱的解剖结构，以了解正常的影像学表现，并结合流行病学、临床、分类和治疗介绍了膀胱癌的主要特征。随后，文章讨论了成像技术的作用，并解释了每种成像方式在膀胱癌评估中的技术和应用。影像学在膀胱癌的检测和分期中起着至关重要的作用。尤其是磁共振成像的作用正在不断扩大，因为它能利用膀胱成像报告和数据系 统（VI-RADS）以及 CTU 和 US 等传统技术区分肌层浸润性膀胱癌和非肌层浸润性膀胱癌。为确保对肿瘤患者采取正确的治疗方法，CEUS 和 DECT 代表了具有特殊优势的新兴模式。本综述最后介绍了正电子发射断层扫描（PET）/CT 和 PET/MRI 等综合成像模式，它们是膀胱癌分期的理想方法。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>urinary bladder neoplasms</kwd><kwd>ultrasonography</kwd><kwd>multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging</kwd><kwd>diagnostic imaging</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>новообразования мочевого пузыря</kwd><kwd>ультразвуковое исследование</kwd><kwd>мультипараметрическая магнитно-резонансная томография</kwd><kwd>диагностическая визуализация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>膀胱肿瘤</kwd><kwd>超声检查</kwd><kwd>多参数磁共振成像</kwd><kwd>诊断成像</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hill WG. 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