<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Digital Diagnostics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Digital Diagnostics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Digital Diagnostics</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>Digital Diagnostics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2712-8490</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2712-8962</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">624826</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/DD624826</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Study Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>原创性科研成果</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Liver function assessment based on hepatobiliary contrast agent-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Возможности применения магнитно-резонансной томографии с использованием гепатотропных контрастных веществ для функциональной оценки печени</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>使用亲肝造影剂进行磁共振成像以评估肝脏功能的可能性</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9563-6756</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9695-3717</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ageeva</surname><given-names>Sofiia F.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Агеева</surname><given-names>София Фаильевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Ageeva</surname><given-names>Sofiia F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>son.ageeva13@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5649-2193</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8449-6590</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sinitsyn</surname><given-names>Valentin E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Синицын</surname><given-names>Валентин Евгеньевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Sinitsyn</surname><given-names>Valentin E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><email>vsini@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1266-4926</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6897-9641</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mershina</surname><given-names>Elena A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мершина</surname><given-names>Елена Александровна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Mershina</surname><given-names>Elena A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>elena_mershina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8063-4462</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2196-8300</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rucheva</surname><given-names>Natalia A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ручьева</surname><given-names>Наталья Александровна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Rucheva</surname><given-names>Natalia A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>rna1969@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0355-8098</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петрова</surname><given-names>Екатерина Игоревна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Petrova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>doc_mri@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">V.I. Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр трансплантологии и искусственных органов имени академика В.И. Шумакова</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">V.I. Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Industry Clinical Diagnostic Center of Gazprom PJSC</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Отраслевой клинико-диагностический центр ПАО «Газпром»</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Industry Clinical Diagnostic Center of Gazprom PJSC</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-06-19" publication-format="electronic"><day>19</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-09-20" publication-format="electronic"><day>20</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>5</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>137</fpage><lpage>148</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-12-21"><day>21</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-02-06"><day>06</day><month>02</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Эко-вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2024, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-вектор</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://jdigitaldiagnostics.com/DD/article/view/624826">https://jdigitaldiagnostics.com/DD/article/view/624826</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND</bold><italic>: </italic>Liver function assessment is very important in clinical practice. The use of magnetic resonance imaging for the anatomical and functional evaluation of the liver is possible in actual clinical practice.</p> <p><bold>AIM</bold><italic>: </italic>To examine the possibility of using hepatobiliary contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging for the evaluation of liver function.</p> <p><bold>MATERIALS AND METHODS</bold><italic>: </italic>Datasets of patients who underwent gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into two groups: group 1 included patients with impaired liver function, and group 2 included those with normal liver function. Based on magnetic resonance imaging in the hepatobiliary phase, the liver parenchyma signal intensity and its ratio to spleen signal intensity and portal vein signal intensity were estimated. Differences among these parameters were compared between groups. The correlation between liver parenchyma signal intensity and laboratory blood tests reflecting liver function (total bilirubin, albumen, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, and prothrombin time) were analyzed.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS</bold><italic>: </italic>Datasets of 53 patients (25 men and 28 women, aged 24–84 years) were analyzed. Group 1 included 19 patients, whereas group 2 included 34. The median liver parenchyma signal intensity was 919.05 [669.65; 1258.35] in group 1 and 1525.13 [1460.5; 1631.4] in group 2 (<italic>p=</italic>0.0000001). The median ratio of liver parenchyma signal intensity to spleen signal intensity was 1.2 [1.04;1.7] in group 1 and 1.7 [1.46; 1.96] in group 2 (<italic>p=</italic>0.00076). The median ratio of liver parenchyma signal intensity to portal vein signal intensity was 1.44 [1.29; 1.83] in group 1 and 1.6 [1.43; 1.83] in group 2 (<italic>p=</italic>0.1). The estimated correlation values between liver parenchyma signal intensity and blood tests parameters were as follows: total bilirubin (r=–0.61; <italic>p=</italic>0.000001), albumen (r=0.13; <italic>p=</italic>0.61), aspartate aminotransferase (r=–0.57; <italic>p=</italic>0.000009), alanine aminotransferase (r=–0.44; <italic>p=</italic>0.001), alkaline phosphatase (r=–0.45; <italic>p=</italic>0.0007), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (r=–0.5; <italic>p=</italic>0.0003), prothrombin time (r=–0.34; <italic>p=</italic>0.04).</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION</bold><italic>: </italic>The study reflects the ability to assess liver function using indices (liver parenchyma signal intensity and its ratio to spleen signal intensity) derived from gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. However, this study did not confirm the assumed effectiveness of using the liver parenchyma signal intensity to portal vein signal intensity ratio as an index of liver function. A significant inverse correlation was identified between liver parenchyma signal intensity and blood test parameters in reflecting liver function, except for albumin. The results indicate the possibility of using magnetic resonance imaging to assess liver function.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование</bold>. Оценка функции печени при различных заболеваниях остаётся важной клинической задачей. Применение магнитно-резонансной томографии с гепатотропным контрастным веществом для оценки функции печени представляет существенный научный и практический интерес.</p> <p><bold>Цель </bold>—<bold> </bold>изучить возможность функциональной оценки печени на основании показателей, полученных по данным магнитно-резонансной томографии с контрастированием гепатотропным веществом.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы</bold>.<bold> </bold>Были проанализированы данные пациентов, которым выполнялась магнитно-резонансная томография с внутривенным контрастированием гадоксетовой кислотой. Пациенты были разделены на две группы: с нарушенной (первая группа) и с нормальной (вторая группа) функцией печени. По данным магнитно-резонансных исследований оценивались следующие параметры: интенсивность сигнала печени, её отношение к интенсивности сигнала селезёнки и к интенсивности сигнала в просвете воротной вены. Были оценены показатели лабораторных анализов крови, отражающие функции печени: общий билирубин, альбумин, аланинаминотрансфераза, аспартатаминотрансфераза, γ-глутамилтранспептидаза, щелочная фосфатаза, протромбиновое время. Был проведён анализ статистической значимости различий между группами по параметрам магнитно-резонансной томографии, оценивалось наличие корреляционной связи между значениями интенсивности сигнала печени и данными лабораторных анализов крови.</p> <p><bold>Результаты</bold>. Были проанализированы данные 53 пациентов (25 мужчин и 28 женщин в возрасте от 24 до 84 лет). В первую группу вошло 19 человек, во вторую — 34 человека. Были установлены статистически значимые различия показателей интенсивности сигнала печени и её отношения к интенсивности сигнала селезёнки между исследуемыми группами. В первой группе значение интенсивности сигнала печени составило 919,05 [669,65; 1258,35], во второй — 1525,13 [1460,5; 1631,4] (<italic>p=</italic>0,0000001). Отношение интенсивности сигнала печени к интенсивности сигнала селезёнки в первой группе составило 1,2 [1,04; 1,7], во второй — 1,7 [1,46; 1,96] (<italic>p=</italic>0,00076). Отношение интенсивности сигнала печени к интенсивности сигнала в просвете воротной вены составило 1,44 [1,29; 1,83] в первой группе, 1,6 [1,43; 1,83] — во второй (<italic>p=</italic>0,1). Была оценена корреляция между интенсивностью сигнала печени и общим билирубином (r=–0,61; <italic>p=</italic>0,000001), альбумином (r=0,13; <italic>p=</italic>0,61), аспартатаминотрансферазой (r=–0,57; <italic>p=</italic>0,000009), аланинаминотрансферазой (r=–0,44; <italic>p=</italic>0,001), щелочной фосфатазой (r=–0,45; <italic>p=</italic>0,0007), γ-глутамилтранспептидазой (r=–0,5; <italic>p=</italic>0,0003), протромбиновым временем (r=–0,34; <italic>p=</italic>0,04). По шкале Чеддока заметная сила корреляционной связи была выявлена между показателем интенсивности сигнала печени и значениями общего билирубина, аспартатаминотрансферазы. Умеренная сила — между показателем интенсивности сигнала печени и значениями аланинаминотрансферазы, щелочной фосфатазы, γ-глутамилтранспептидазы, протромбинового времени.</p> <p><bold>Заключение</bold>.<bold> </bold>Продемонстрирована эффективность применения параметров магнитно-резонансной томографии (интенсивность сигнала печени и её отношение к интенсивности сигнала селезёнки) в функциональной оценке печени. В исследовании не подтвердилось предположение об эффективности применения такого параметра, как отношение значения интенсивности сигнала печени к интенсивности сигнала в просвете воротной вены. Были установлены статистически значимые обратные связи между значениями интенсивности сигнала печени и показателями лабораторных анализов крови, отражающих функции печени, за исключением альбумина. Результаты свидетельствуют о возможности использования магнитно-резонансной томографии для функциональной оценки печени.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p><bold>论证</bold>。评估各种疾病的肝功能仍然是一项重要的临床任务。使用亲肝造影剂的磁共振成像来评估肝功能具有相当大的科学和实用意义。</p> <p><bold>目的</bold>是研究根据亲肝造影剂 磁共振成像获得的指数对肝脏进行功能评估的可能性。</p> <p><bold>材料和方法</bold>。对接受静脉注射钆塞酸造影剂磁共振成像的患者数据进行了分析。患者分为两组：肝功能受损组（第一组）和肝功能正常组（第二组）。根据磁共振成像数据评估了以下参数：肝脏信号强度、肝脏信号强度与脾脏信号强度的比值以及肝脏信号强度与门静脉管腔信号强度的比值。对反映肝功能的实验室血液检查指标进行了评估：总胆红素、白蛋白、丙氨酸氨基转移酶、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶、碱性磷酸酶、凝血酶原时间。我们分析了组间磁共振参数差异的统计学意义，评估了肝脏信号强度值与实验室血液检查数据之间是否存在相关性。</p> <p><bold>结果</bold>。对 53 名患者（25 名男性和 28 名女性，年龄在 24 至 84 岁之间）的数据进行了分析。第一组包括 19 人，第二组包括 34 人。研究组之间的肝脏信号强度和肝脏信号强度与脾脏信号强度的比值差异具有统计学意义。第一组的肝信号强度值为 919.05 [669.65；1258.35]，第二组为 1525.13 [1460.5； 1631.4]（P=0.0000001）。第一组肝脏信号强度与脾脏信号强度的比值为 1.2 [1.04；1.7]，第二组为 1.7 [1.46；1.96]（P=0.00076）。第一组肝脏信号强度与门静脉管腔信号强度的比值为 1.44 [1.29； 1.83]，第二组为 1.6 [1.43；1.83]（P=0.1）。对肝脏信号强度与总胆红素（r=-0.61；P=0.000001）、白蛋白（r=0.13；P=0.61）、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（r=-0.57；P=0.000009）、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（r=-0.44； P=0.001）、碱性磷酸酶（r=-0.45；P=0.0007）、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶（r=-0.5；P=0.0003）、凝血酶原时 间（r=-0.34；P=0.04）的相关性也进行了评估。在 Chaddock 标上，肝脏信号强度指数与总胆红素、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶值之间存在明显的相关性。肝脏信号强度指数与丙氨酸氨基转移酶、碱性磷酸酶、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶、凝血酶原时间之间的相关性中等。</p> <p><bold>结论</bold>。磁共振成像参数（肝脏信号强度及其与脾脏信号强度的比值）在肝脏功能评估中的有效性得到了证实。研究并未证实肝脏信号强度与门静脉管腔信号强度的比值等参数的有效性假设。除白蛋白外，肝脏信号强度值与反映肝功能的实验室血液化验指标之间建立了统计学意义上的反相关关系。结果表明，磁共振成像可用于肝脏功能评估。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>magnetic resonance imaging</kwd><kwd>liver</kwd><kwd>contrast media</kwd><kwd>liver cirrhosis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>магнитно-резонансная томография</kwd><kwd>печень</kwd><kwd>цирроз</kwd><kwd>контрастное исследование</kwd><kwd>гепатотропный контрастный агент</kwd><kwd>гадоксетовая кислота</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>磁共振成像</kwd><kwd>肝脏</kwd><kwd>肝硬化</kwd><kwd>造影剂检查</kwd><kwd>亲肝造影剂</kwd><kwd>钆塞酸</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Peng Y, Qi X, Guo X. Child–Pugh Versus MELD Score for the Assessment of Prognosis in Liver Cirrhosis. Medicine. 2016;95(8):e2877. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000002877</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Peng Y., Qi X., Guo X. Child–Pugh Versus MELD Score for the Assessment of Prognosis in Liver Cirrhosis // Medicine. 2016. Vol. 95, N 8. P. e2877. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000002877</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Peng Y, Qi X, Guo X. Child–Pugh Versus MELD Score for the Assessment of Prognosis in Liver Cirrhosis. Medicine. 2016;95(8):e2877. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000002877</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Likar YuN, Akhaladze DG, Rumyantsev AG. Hepatobiliary scintigraphy in the preoperative assessment of the future remnant liver function (literature review and own examples). The Russian Journal of Pediatric Hematology аnd Oncology. 2020;7(1):62–69. EDN: VWDZUW doi: 10.21682/2311-1267-2020-7-1-62-69</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ликарь Ю.Н., Ахаладзе Д.Г., Румянцев А.Г. Гепатобилиарная сцинтиграфия в предоперационной оценке функции планируемого остатка печени (обзор литературы и собственные примеры) // Российский журнал детской гематологии и онкологии. 2020. Т. 7, № 1. С. 62–69. EDN: VWDZUW doi: 10.21682/2311-1267-2020-7-1-62-69</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Likar YuN, Akhaladze DG, Rumyantsev AG. Hepatobiliary scintigraphy in the preoperative assessment of the future remnant liver function (literature review and own examples). The Russian Journal of Pediatric Hematology аnd Oncology. 2020;7(1):62–69. EDN: VWDZUW doi: 10.21682/2311-1267-2020-7-1-62-69</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chernyak V, Fowler KJ, Heiken JP, Sirlin CB. Use of gadoxetate disodium in patients with chronic liver disease and its implications for liver imaging reporting and data system (LI-RADS). Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging. 2019;49(5):1236–1252. doi: 10.1002/jmri.26540</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chernyak V., Fowler K.J., Heiken J.P., Sirlin C.B. Use of gadoxetate disodium in patients with chronic liver disease and its implications for liver imaging reporting and data system (LI-RADS) // Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging. 2019. Vol. 49, N 5. P. 1236–1252. doi: 10.1002/jmri.26540</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Chernyak V, Fowler KJ, Heiken JP, Sirlin CB. Use of gadoxetate disodium in patients with chronic liver disease and its implications for liver imaging reporting and data system (LI-RADS). Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging. 2019;49(5):1236–1252. doi: 10.1002/jmri.26540</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Welle CL, Guglielmo FF, Venkatesh SK. MRI of the liver: choosing the right contrast agent. Abdominal Radiology. 2020;45(2):384–392. doi: 10.1007/s00261-019-02162-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Welle C.L., Guglielmo F.F., Venkatesh S.K. MRI of the liver: choosing the right contrast agent // Abdominal Radiology. 2020. Vol. 45, N 2. P. 384–392. doi: 10.1007/s00261-019-02162-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Welle CL, Guglielmo FF, Venkatesh SK. MRI of the liver: choosing the right contrast agent. Abdominal Radiology. 2020;45(2):384–392. doi: 10.1007/s00261-019-02162-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Furlan A, Borhani AA, Heller MT, Yu RK, Tublin ME. Non-focal liver signal abnormalities on hepatobiliary phase of gadoxetate disodium-enhanced MR imaging: a review and differential diagnosis. Abdominal Radiology. 2016;41(7):1399–1410. doi: 10.1007/s00261-016-0685-z</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Furlan A., Borhani A.A., Heller M.T., Yu R.K., Tublin M.E. Non-focal liver signal abnormalities on hepatobiliary phase of gadoxetate disodium-enhanced MR imaging: a review and differential diagnosis // Abdominal Radiology. 2016. Vol. 41, N 7. P. 1399–1410. doi: 10.1007/s00261-016-0685-z</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Furlan A, Borhani AA, Heller MT, Yu RK, Tublin ME. Non-focal liver signal abnormalities on hepatobiliary phase of gadoxetate disodium-enhanced MR imaging: a review and differential diagnosis. Abdominal Radiology. 2016;41(7):1399–1410. doi: 10.1007/s00261-016-0685-z</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cho SH, Kang UR, Kim JD, Han YS, Choi DL. The value of gadoxetate disodium-enhanced MR imaging for predicting posthepatectomy liver failure after major hepatic resection: A preliminary study. Eur J Radiol. 2011;80(2):e195–e200. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2011.08.008</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cho S.H., Kang U.R., Kim J.D., Han Y.S., Choi D.L. The value of gadoxetate disodium-enhanced MR imaging for predicting posthepatectomy liver failure after major hepatic resection: A preliminary study // Eur J Radiol. 2011. Vol. 80, N 2. P. e195–e200. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2011.08.008</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Cho SH, Kang UR, Kim JD, Han YS, Choi DL. The value of gadoxetate disodium-enhanced MR imaging for predicting posthepatectomy liver failure after major hepatic resection: A preliminary study. Eur J Radiol. 2011;80(2):e195–e200. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2011.08.008</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Collettini F, Elkilany A, Seta MD, et al. MR imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma: prospective intraindividual head-to-head comparison of the contrast agents gadoxetic acid and gadoteric acid. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):18583. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-23397-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Collettini F., Elkilany A., Seta M.D., et al. MR imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma: prospective intraindividual head-to-head comparison of the contrast agents gadoxetic acid and gadoteric acid // Sci Rep. 2022. Vol. 12, N 1. P. 18583. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-23397-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Collettini F, Elkilany A, Seta MD, et al. MR imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma: prospective intraindividual head-to-head comparison of the contrast agents gadoxetic acid and gadoteric acid. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):18583. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-23397-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galle PR, Forner A, Llovet JM, et al. EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: Management of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol. 2018;69(1):182–236. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.03.019</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Galle P.R., Forner A., Llovet J.M., et al. EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: Management of hepatocellular carcinoma // J Hepatol. 2018. Vol. 69, N 1. P. 182–236. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.03.019</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Galle PR, Forner A, Llovet JM, et al. EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: Management of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol. 2018;69(1):182–236. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.03.019</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yang M, Zhang Y, Zhao W, et al. Evaluation of liver function using liver parenchyma, spleen and portal vein signal intensities during the hepatobiliary phase in Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI. BMC Med Imaging. 2020;20(1):119. doi: 10.1186/s12880-020-00519-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yang M., Zhang Y., Zhao W., et al. Evaluation of liver function using liver parenchyma, spleen and portal vein signal intensities during the hepatobiliary phase in Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI // BMC Med Imaging. 2020. Vol. 20, N 1. P. 119. doi: 10.1186/s12880-020-00519-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Yang M, Zhang Y, Zhao W, et al. Evaluation of liver function using liver parenchyma, spleen and portal vein signal intensities during the hepatobiliary phase in Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI. BMC Med Imaging. 2020;20(1):119. doi: 10.1186/s12880-020-00519-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bastati N, Wibmer A, Tamandl D, et al. Assessment of Orthotopic Liver Transplant Graft Survival on Gadoxetic Acid–Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Using Qualitative and Quantitative Parameters. Invest Radiol. 2016;51(11):728–734. doi: 10.1097/RLI.0000000000000286</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bastati N., Wibmer A., Tamandl D., et al. Assessment of Orthotopic Liver Transplant Graft Survival on Gadoxetic Acid–Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Using Qualitative and Quantitative Parameters // Invest Radiol. 2016. Vol. 51, N 11. P. 728–734. doi: 10.1097/RLI.0000000000000286</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Bastati N, Wibmer A, Tamandl D, et al. Assessment of Orthotopic Liver Transplant Graft Survival on Gadoxetic Acid–Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Using Qualitative and Quantitative Parameters. Invest Radiol. 2016;51(11):728–734. doi: 10.1097/RLI.0000000000000286</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mnatsakanyan MK, Rubtsova NA, Kabanov DO, et al. The role of magnetic resonance imaging with gadoxetic acid in the assessment of the functional reserve of the liver. Russian Electronic Journal of Radiology. 2022;12(1):43–55. EDN: GXFGZS doi: 10.21569/2222-7415-2022-12-1-43-55</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мнацаканян М.К., Рубцова Н.А., Кабанов Д.О., и др. Роль магнитно-резонансной томографии с гадоксетовой кислотой в оценке функционального резерва печени // Российский электронный журнал лучевой диагностики. 2022. Т. 12, № 1. С. 43–55. EDN: GXFGZS doi: 10.21569/2222-7415-2022-12-1-43-55</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Mnatsakanyan MK, Rubtsova NA, Kabanov DO, et al. The role of magnetic resonance imaging with gadoxetic acid in the assessment of the functional reserve of the liver. Russian Electronic Journal of Radiology. 2022;12(1):43–55. EDN: GXFGZS doi: 10.21569/2222-7415-2022-12-1-43-55</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang W, Wang X, Miao Y, Hu C, Zhao W. Liver function correlates with liver-to-portal vein contrast ratio during the hepatobiliary phase with Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MR at 3 Tesla. Abdominal Radiology. 2018;43(9):2262–2269. doi: 10.1007/s00261-018-1462-y</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang W., Wang X., Miao Y., Hu C., Zhao W. Liver function correlates with liver-to-portal vein contrast ratio during the hepatobiliary phase with Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MR at 3 Tesla // Abdominal Radiology. 2018. Vol. 43, N 9. P. 2262–2269. doi: 10.1007/s00261-018-1462-y</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Zhang W, Wang X, Miao Y, Hu C, Zhao W. Liver function correlates with liver-to-portal vein contrast ratio during the hepatobiliary phase with Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MR at 3 Tesla. Abdominal Radiology. 2018;43(9):2262–2269. doi: 10.1007/s00261-018-1462-y</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee NK, Kim S, Kim GH, et al. Significance of the “Delayed hyperintense portal vein sign” in the hepatobiliary phase MRI obtained with Gd-EOB-DTPA. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging. 2012;36(3):678–685. doi: 10.1002/jmri.23700</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee N.K., Kim S., Kim G.H., et al. Significance of the “Delayed hyperintense portal vein sign” in the hepatobiliary phase MRI obtained with Gd-EOB-DTPA // Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging. 2012. Vol. 36, N 3. P. 678–685. doi: 10.1002/jmri.23700</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Lee NK, Kim S, Kim GH, et al. Significance of the “Delayed hyperintense portal vein sign” in the hepatobiliary phase MRI obtained with Gd-EOB-DTPA. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging. 2012;36(3):678–685. doi: 10.1002/jmri.23700</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vincent JL, Moreno R, Takala J, et al. The SOFA (Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment) score to describe organ dysfunction/failure. Intensive Care Med. 1996;22(7):707–710. doi: 10.1007/BF01709751</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vincent J.L., Moreno R., Takala J., et al. The SOFA (Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment) score to describe organ dysfunction/ failure // Intensive Care Med. 1996. Vol. 22, N 7. P. 707–710. doi: 10.1007/BF01709751</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Vincent JL, Moreno R, Takala J, et al. The SOFA (Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment) score to describe organ dysfunction/failure. Intensive Care Med. 1996;22(7):707–710. doi: 10.1007/BF01709751</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zaccherini G, Weiss E, Moreau R. Acute-on-chronic liver failure: Definitions, pathophysiology and principles of treatment. JHEP Reports. 2021;3(1):100176. doi: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2020.100176</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zaccherini G., Weiss E., Moreau R. Acute-on-chronic liver failure: Definitions, pathophysiology and principles of treatment // JHEP Reports. 2021. Vol. 3, N 1. P. 100176. doi: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2020.100176</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Zaccherini G, Weiss E, Moreau R. Acute-on-chronic liver failure: Definitions, pathophysiology and principles of treatment. JHEP Reports. 2021;3(1):100176. doi: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2020.100176</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list></back></article>
