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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Digital Diagnostics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Digital Diagnostics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Digital Diagnostics</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>Digital Diagnostics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2712-8490</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2712-8962</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">627076</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/DD627076</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles by YOUNG SCIENTISTS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МОЛОДЫЕ УЧЕНЫЕ: тезисы конференции НПКЦ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>青年科学家的文章</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Conference Abstract</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Potential of a neural network in the diagnosis of laryngeal tumors</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Возможности нейросети в диагностике новообразований гортани</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7780-6488</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9016-9253</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Safyannikova</surname><given-names>Evgeniya A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сафьянникова</surname><given-names>Евгения Александровна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>zh.saffi@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0149-0676</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9393-8753</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kryukov</surname><given-names>Andrey I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крюков</surname><given-names>Андрей Иванович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nikio@zdrav.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1001-2609</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9282-6970</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kunelskaya</surname><given-names>Natalya L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кунельская</surname><given-names>Наталья Леонидовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nlkun@mail.ru</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9085-9879</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4113-3569</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sudarev</surname><given-names>Pavel A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сударев</surname><given-names>Павел Алексеевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>mnpco@mail.ru</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8202-5505</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5645-3401</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Romanenko</surname><given-names>Svetlana G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Романенко</surname><given-names>Светлана Георгиевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>s_romanenko@bk.ru</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3571-8851</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">55589484800</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">AFE-6792-2022</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4597-5197</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurbanova</surname><given-names>Diana I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курбанова</surname><given-names>Диана Игоревна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>doctor_diana@mail.ru</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1753-5960</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1602-4311</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lesogorova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лесогорова</surname><given-names>Екатерина Владимировна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>katenan1@rambler.ru</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8675-078X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8759-7139</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Krasil’nikova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Красильникова</surname><given-names>Екатерина Николаевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>fil_kate@mail.ru</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4684-5864</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanova</surname><given-names>Anastasiya A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванова</surname><given-names>Анастасия Александровна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>AnastasiaIwanova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3270-4390</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Osadchiy</surname><given-names>Anton P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Осадчий</surname><given-names>Антон Павлович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>uhogorlonosiki@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9446-5457</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shevyrina</surname><given-names>Natalya G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шевырина</surname><given-names>Наталья Григорьевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>shevyrina.nata22@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The Sverzhevskiy Otorhinolaryngology Healthcare Research Institute</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский клинический институт оториноларингологии им. Л.И. Свержевского</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Rubedo LLC</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ООО «Рубедо»</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Rubedo LLC</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ООО «Рубедо»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-07-02" publication-format="electronic"><day>02</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>5</volume><issue>1S</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>98</fpage><lpage>101</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-02-16"><day>16</day><month>02</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-03-05"><day>05</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Эко-вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2024, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-вектор</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://jdigitaldiagnostics.com/DD/article/view/627076">https://jdigitaldiagnostics.com/DD/article/view/627076</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND</bold>: Currently, artificial intelligence in the form of artificial neural networks is being actively implemented in a number of areas of our lives, including medicine. In particular, in otorhinolaryngology, artificial neural networks are used to analyze images obtained during endoscopic examinations of patients (e.g., videolaryngoscopy) [1–3]. The interpretation of laryngoscopic images often presents significant difficulties for practicing physicians, which reduces the frequency of detection of precancerous laryngeal diseases and contributes to the increase in the number of patients with stage III–IV laryngeal cancer [4, 5]. This underscores the significance of prompt performance and accurate interpretation of the findings of endoscopic examinations of patients with laryngeal disorders. Artificial neural networks can be employed to analyze the results of videolaryngoscopy, furnishing the physician with supplementary information that can enhance diagnostic accuracy and diminish the probability of error [6, 7].</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> The study aims to develop and train an artificial neural network for recognizing characteristic features of laryngeal neoplasms and variants of laryngeal normality.</p> <p><bold>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</bold> The study was conducted under the grant of the Moscow Center for Innovative Technologies in Healthcare (grant No. 2112-1/22) entitled “Using Neural Networks (Artificial Intelligence Algorithms) for Control and Improving the Quality of Diagnosis and Treatment of Diseases of Laryngeal and Ear Structures through Digital Technologies”.The following methods were used during the course of the study: data collection for the creation of a photobank (dataset) of medical images obtained during videolaryngoscopy; data partitioning for the formation of datasets for individual nosologies and groups of diseases; the method of consilium; analysis of the accuracy of recognition and classification of digital endoscopic images; and training of classification neural networks.</p> <p>Consequently, a dataset comprising 1,471 laryngeal images in digital formats (JPEG, BMP) was assembled, labelled, and uploaded for the purpose of training the artificial neural network. Of the total number of images, 410 were classified as pertaining to laryngeal formation, while 1061 were classified as variants of normality. Subsequently, the neural network was trained and tested to identify the signs of normal and laryngeal masses.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> The results of the testing of the artificial neural network indicated the formation of an inaccuracy matrix, the calculation of the value of recognition accuracy, the calculation of the quality indicators of the model performance, and the construction of the ROC curve. The developed and trained artificial neural network demonstrated an accuracy of 86% in recognizing the signs of laryngeal masses and norms.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSIONS:</bold> This study demonstrates that a trained artificial neural network can successfully distinguish between signs of normal and laryngeal masses in endoscopic photographs. With further training of the neural network and achievement of high accuracy, this technology can be used in clinical practice as an assistant in the interpretation of laryngoscopic images and early diagnosis of laryngeal masses. It can also be employed to control and improve the quality of diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the throat, nose, and ears by primary care physicians.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> В настоящее время искусственный интеллект в виде искусственных нейронных сетей активно внедряется в различные сферы нашей жизни, в том числе и в медицину. В частности, в оториноларингологии искусственные нейронные сети используют изображения, полученные при эндоскопическом обследовании пациентов (например, при видеоларингоскопии) [1–3] Интерпретация ларингоскопической картины зачастую представляет значительные трудности для практического врача, что снижает частоту выявления предраковых заболеваний гортани и способствует росту числа пациентов с раком гортани III–IV стадии [4, 5] Это определяет важность своевременного проведения и правильной интерпретации результатов эндоскопического обследования пациентов с заболеваниями гортани. Искусственные нейронные сети могут быть применены для анализа результатов видеоларингоскопии, предоставляя дополнительные подсказки врачу, что может помочь повысить точность диагностики и снизить риск ошибки [6, 7].</p> <p>Цель — разработка и обучение искусственной нейронной сети для распознавания характерных признаков образований и вариантов нормы гортани.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Работа выполнена в рамках гранта Московского центра инновационных технологий в здравоохранении № 2112-1/22 «Использование нейросети (алгоритмов искусственного интеллекта) для контроля и повышения качества диагностики и лечения заболеваний структур гортани и уха на основе цифровой технологии». В процессе работы применялись методы сбора данных, необходимых для создания фотобанка (датасета) медицинских изображений, полученных при видеоларингоскопии; методы разметки данных для формирования датасетов по отдельным нозологиям и группам заболеваний; метод консилиума; методы анализа точности распознавания и классификации цифровых эндоскопических снимков; методы обучения классификационных нейронных сетей.</p> <p>В итоге для обучения искусственной нейронной сети был собран, размечен и загружен датасет, состоящий из 1471 снимка гортани в цифровых форматах (jpg, bmp). Среди них на образование гортани пришлось 410 изображений, на варианты нормы — 1061 снимок. Далее было проведено обучение нейросети и тестирование её с целью распознавания признаков нормы и образований гортани.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> По результатам тестирования искусственной нейронной сети была сформирована матрица неточностей, рассчитано значение точности распознавания, рассчитаны показатели качества работы модели, построена ROC-кривая. Разработанная и обученная искусственная нейронная сеть продемонстрировала точность 86% в распознавании признаков образований и нормы гортани.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Проведённое исследование демонстрирует, что обученная искусственная нейронная сеть может достаточно успешно различать признаки нормы и образований гортани на эндоскопических фотографиях. При дальнейшем обучении нейросети и достижении высокой точности данную технологию возможно применить в клинической практике в качестве помощника в интерпретации ларингоскопических изображений и ранней диагностики образований гортани, а также для контроля и повышения качества диагностики и лечения заболеваний горла, носа и ушей врачами первичного звена.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p/></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>larynx</kwd><kwd>benign laryngeal tumor</kwd><kwd>vocal fold normality</kwd><kwd>neural network</kwd><kwd>artificial intelligence</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гортань</kwd><kwd>образование гортани</kwd><kwd>норма гортани</kwd><kwd>нейросеть</kwd><kwd>искусственный интеллект</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">грантодатель АНО «Московский центр инновационных технологий в здравоохранении».</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>грант №2112-1/22</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Paderno A, Gennarini F, Sordi A, et al. 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