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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Digital Diagnostics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Digital Diagnostics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Digital Diagnostics</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>Digital Diagnostics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2712-8490</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2712-8962</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">631162</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/DD631162</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Study Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>原创性科研成果</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Surface-based morphometry of the cerebral cortex in cognitive impairments of varying severity in patients with age-related cerebral small vessel disease</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Поверхностная морфометрия коры полушарий большого мозга при когнитивных нарушениях разной степени тяжести у пациентов с возраст-зависимой церебральной микроангиопатией</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>对年龄依赖性脑微血管病患者在不同严重程度认知障碍下的大脑半球皮层表面的形态测量</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9396-6063</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8799-8092</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kremneva</surname><given-names>Elena I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кремнева</surname><given-names>Елена Игоревна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Kremneva</surname><given-names>Elena I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>kremneva@neurology.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9929-2725</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2824-8750</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dobrynina</surname><given-names>Larisa A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Добрынина</surname><given-names>Лариса Анатольевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Dobrynina</surname><given-names>Larisa A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><email>dobrla@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6995-1352</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5645-8768</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shamtieva</surname><given-names>Kamila V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шамтиева</surname><given-names>Камила Витальевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Shamtieva</surname><given-names>Kamila V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>kamila.shamt@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7898-6541</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Trubitsyna</surname><given-names>Victoria V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трубицына</surname><given-names>Виктория Владимировна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Trubitsyna</surname><given-names>Victoria V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>pobeda-1994@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7498-4063</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7015-5970</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gadzhieva</surname><given-names>Zukhra S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гаджиева</surname><given-names>Зухра Шарапутдиновна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Gadzhieva</surname><given-names>Zukhra S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>zuhradoc@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8862-654X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarova</surname><given-names>Angelina G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макарова</surname><given-names>Ангелина Геннадьевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Makarova</surname><given-names>Angelina G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>angelinagm@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4231-3895</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsypushtanova</surname><given-names>Maria M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цыпуштанова</surname><given-names>Мария Михайловна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Tsypushtanova</surname><given-names>Maria M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>tzipushtanova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3820-4554</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9663-8828</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Krotenkova</surname><given-names>Marina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кротенкова</surname><given-names>Марина Викторовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Krotenkova</surname><given-names>Marina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><email>krotenkova_mrt@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Center of Neurology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научный центр неврологии</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Research Center of Neurology</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-09-02" publication-format="electronic"><day>02</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-04" publication-format="electronic"><day>04</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>5</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>436</fpage><lpage>449</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-04-26"><day>26</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-06-19"><day>19</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Эко-вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2024, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-вектор</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://jdigitaldiagnostics.com/DD/article/view/631162">https://jdigitaldiagnostics.com/DD/article/view/631162</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND</bold>: Analysis of structural magnetic resonance images is essential to assessing the main substrate of cognitive impairment in sporadic age-related cerebral small vessel disease, accounting for up to 45% of all dementia cases. Variations in the results of magnetic resonance morphometry applied in cerebral small vessel disease require extensive studies and clinical correlation.</p> <p><bold>AIM</bold>: To assess cerebral atrophy features in cognitive impairment in patients with cerebral small vessel disease by surface-based morphometry.</p> <p><bold>MATERIALS AND METHODS</bold>: A prospective study was conducted to assess patients with cerebral small vessel disease and cognitive impairments of varying severity levels (subjective, moderate, and dementia) and sex- and age-matched groups of volunteers. The assessment included the analysis of signs of cerebral small vessel disease based on the results of magnetic resonance imaging with the computation of general cerebral small vessel disease index and processing T1 multiplanar reconstruction images by surface-based morphometry to quantify general and regional brain parameters, including the thickness of the cerebral cortex.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS</bold>: The main group consisted of 173 patients with cerebral small vessel disease, whereas the control group included 47 healthy volunteers. As the severity of brain structural changes and cognitive impairments increased, a significant (<italic>p</italic> &lt;0.05) decrease in the cortical thickness of certain regions following a similar pattern was reported, particularly in the cingulate gyri, mainly their posterior sections; medial and middle sections of the frontal lobes, various areas of the insular cortex, and temporoparietal areas, particularly the supramarginal gyri. The brain volumes (overall, gray matter, and white matter volumes) in cerebral small vessel disease were significantly different only in controls but not between patients with cognitive impairment of different severity levels. The hyperintense white matter volume was significantly different between patients with dementia and moderate cognitive impairment, dementia, and subjective cognitive impairment (<italic>p</italic> &lt;0.0001).</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSIONS</bold>: The results confirm secondary/mixed atrophy in cerebral small vessel disease. The clarification of the severity level of cognitive impairment in cerebral small vessel disease based on atrophy data is limited by the wide variety of regions with significant cortical thinning. Thus, the quantification of the cortex can only be a supplementary method in predicting cerebral small vessel disease progression.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование</bold>.<bold> </bold>Анализ структурных магнитно-резонансных изображений играет ключевую роль в оценке основного субстрата когнитивных расстройств при спорадической возраст-зависимой церебральной микроангиопатии, обусловливающей до 45% всех случаев деменции. Разнообразие результатов применения магнитно-резонансной морфометрии при церебральной микроангиопатии требует расширенных исследований и сопоставления с клиническими данными.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> ― оценка особенностей атрофии головного мозга при когнитивных нарушениях у пациентов с церебральной микроангиопатией методом поверхностной морфометрии.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы</bold>. Проведено проспективное исследование с оценкой пациентов с церебральной микроангиопатией и когнитивными расстройствами различной степени тяжести (субъективные, умеренные и деменция) и группы добровольцев, сопоставимой по полу и возрасту. Оценка включала анализ признаков церебральной микроангиопатии по данным магнитно-резонансной томографии с расчётом общего индекса церебральной микроангиопатии и обработкой Т1mpr-изображений методом поверхностной морфометрии с общей и региональной количественной оценкой головного мозга, включая толщину коры полушарий большого мозга.</p> <p><bold>Результаты</bold>. В основную группу вошли 173 пациента с церебральной микроангиопатией, в группу контроля ― 47 здоровых добровольцев. По мере нарастания выраженности структурных изменений головного мозга и тяжести когнитивных расстройств отмечалось достоверное (<italic>p</italic> &lt;0,05) уменьшение толщины коры отдельных регионов по схожему паттерну, а именно: поясных извилин, преимущественно задних их отделов; медиальных и средних отделов лобных долей; различных участков коры островка; височно-теменных областей (особенно надкраевых извилин). Объём самогó головного мозга (общий объём, объём серого и белого вещества) при церебральной микроангиопатии имел значимые различия только с контролем, но не между группами пациентов с разной тяжестью когнитивных расстройств. Объём гиперинтенсивного белого вещества значимо различался между группами с деменцией и умеренными когнитивными расстройствами, деменцией и субъективными когнитивными расстройствами (<italic>p</italic> &lt;0,0001).</p> <p><bold>Заключение</bold>. Полученные в ходе исследования данные подтверждают вторичный/смешанный характер атрофии при церебральной микроангиопатии. Большое разнообразие регионов со значимым истончением коры ограничивает уточнение прогрессирования когнитивных расстройств при церебральной микроангиопатии по их атрофии. Это позволяет использовать количественное измерение коры только как вспомогательный метод при оценке прогнозирования течения церебральной микроангиопатии.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>论证。散发性年龄依赖性脑微血管病占到所有痴呆病例的45%，在评估其认知障碍的基础方面结构性磁共振成像分析发挥着关键作用。在脑微血管病患者中，使用磁共振形态测定法得出的不同结果，需要对其进行广泛的研究，并与临床数据进行比较。</p> <p>研究目的 — 使用表面形态测量法评估脑微血管病患者认识障碍的大脑萎缩特征</p> <p>材料和方法。对脑微血管病变和不同严重程度认知障碍（主观、中度和痴呆）的患者，以及一组性别和年龄相当的志愿者进行前瞻性研究和评估。评估包括根据磁共振成像数据分析大脑微血管病的症状，计算大脑微血管病的总指数，并通过表面形态测量法处理 T1mpr图像，对大脑进行总体和区域定量评估，包括大脑半球皮层的厚度。</p> <p>结果。主要组包括173名脑微血管病患者，对照组包括47名健康的志愿者。随着大脑结构变化和认知障碍的严重表现程度增加，局部区域的皮质厚度也出现了类似的显著下降（p &lt; 0.05），这些区域包括：扣带回，主要是其后部；额叶的内侧和中间部分；岛叶皮质的各个部分；颞顶叶区域（特别是额上回）。脑微血管病患者大脑本身的体积（总体积、灰质和白质体积）仅与对照组有显著差异，而不同认知障碍严重程度的患者组之间则无显著差异。在痴呆与中度认知障碍组、痴呆与主观认知障碍组之间，高密度信号白质体积存在显著差异（P&lt;0.0001）。</p> <p>结论。在研究期间获得的数据证实，脑微血管病萎缩的继发性/混合性。皮质明显变薄的区域各不相同，这种情况限制了按照萎缩程度来确定大脑微血管病认知障碍的病情发展状态。这使得皮质的定量测量仅作为评估脑微血管病程的预后辅助方法。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cerebral small vessel disease</kwd><kwd>surface-based morphometry</kwd><kwd>cognitive impairment</kwd><kwd>atrophy</kwd><kwd>magnetic resonance imaging</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>церебральная микроангиопатия</kwd><kwd>поверхностная морфометрия</kwd><kwd>когнитивные нарушения</kwd><kwd>атрофия</kwd><kwd>магнитно-резонансная томография</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>脑微血管病</kwd><kwd>表面形态测量</kwd><kwd>认识障碍</kwd><kwd>萎缩</kwd><kwd>核磁共振成像</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный фонд</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="zh">Russian Science Foundation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>22-15-00183</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pantoni L, Gorelick PB. 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