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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Digital Diagnostics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Digital Diagnostics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Digital Diagnostics</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>Digital Diagnostics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2712-8490</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2712-8962</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">632355</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/DD632355</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">WELCYI</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Study Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>原创性科研成果</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Application of artificial intelligence technologies in detecting adrenal neoplasms on computed tomography scans</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Опыт применения технологий искусственного интеллекта для выявления новообразований надпочечников по данным компьютерной томографии</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>基于人工智能技术的计算机断层扫描肾上腺肿瘤检测的应用经验</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1597-5786</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9641-0913</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shikhmuradov</surname><given-names>David U.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шихмурадов</surname><given-names>Давид Уружбегович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Shikhmuradov</surname><given-names>David U.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD</p></bio><email>ShikhmuradovDU@zdrav.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7786-0349</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3160-8062</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Arzamasov</surname><given-names>Kirill M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Арзамасов</surname><given-names>Кирилл Михайлович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Arzamasov</surname><given-names>Kirill M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>ArzamasovKM@zdrav.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2746-7554</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3400-8575</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bobrovskaya</surname><given-names>Tatiana M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бобровская</surname><given-names>Татьяна Михайловна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Bobrovskaya</surname><given-names>Tatiana M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>BobrovskayaTM@zdrav.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9165-0719</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4986-5592</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Savkina</surname><given-names>Ekaterina F.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савкина</surname><given-names>Екатерина Феликсовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Savkina</surname><given-names>Ekaterina F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>SavkinaEF@zdrav.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3636-2889</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2274-6428</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Erizhokov</surname><given-names>Rustam A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ерижоков</surname><given-names>Рустам Арсеньевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Erizhokov</surname><given-names>Rustam A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD</p></bio><email>ErizhokovRA@zdrav.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1786-4329</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7193-7706</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pestrenin</surname><given-names>Lev D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пестренин</surname><given-names>Лев Дмитриевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Pestrenin</surname><given-names>Lev D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>PestreninLD@zdrav.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research and Practical Clinical Center for Diagnostics and Telemedicine Technologies</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-практический клинический центр диагностики и телемедицинских технологий</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Research and Practical Clinical Center for Diagnostics and Telemedicine Technologies</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-10-08" publication-format="electronic"><day>08</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-11-14" publication-format="electronic"><day>14</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>464</fpage><lpage>476</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-05-21"><day>21</day><month>05</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-04-09"><day>09</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-вектор</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://jdigitaldiagnostics.com/DD/article/view/632355">https://jdigitaldiagnostics.com/DD/article/view/632355</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND<italic>:</italic></bold><bold><italic> </italic></bold>Adrenal neoplasms are a common incidental finding on computed tomography, which remains the primary imaging method used to make a presumptive diagnosis of the lesion’s nosological type. Artificial intelligence-based software solutions for detecting adrenal neoplasms on computed tomography scans have been actively developed and implemented.</p> <p><bold>AIM<italic>:</italic></bold><bold><italic> </italic></bold>This study aimed to assess the diagnostic effectiveness of artificial intelligence-based software in identifying adrenal neoplasms on computed tomography images of the chest and abdominal organs available as of the first quarter of 2024.</p> <p><bold>METHODS<italic>:</italic></bold><bold><italic> </italic></bold>Artificial intelligence-based software was tested in two modifications: a single-purpose service designed to detect adrenal neoplasms and comprehensive artificial intelligence service for analyzing non-contrast computed tomography image series of the chest and abdominal organs (including contrast-enhanced studies). Two datasets were used: dataset 1 included abdominal computed tomography scans, and dataset 2 comprised chest computed tomography scans. Each dataset consisted of 100 anonymized computed tomography studies of patients with (<italic>n</italic> = 50) and without (<italic>n</italic> = 50) adrenal neoplasms. The diagnostic accuracy of artificial intelligence-based software was determined by calculating the following statistical metrics: area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS<italic>:</italic></bold><bold><italic> </italic></bold>Testing of the artificial intelligence-based software on datasets with signs of adrenal neoplasms demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy metrics that exceeded the declared performance values. AUC ranged from 0.858 to 0.995 (the highest value was achieved by the artificial intelligence single-purpose service-2 for analyzing abdominal computed tomography images); specificity ranged from 0.920 to 1.000 (the highest value was achieved by the artificial intelligence comprehensive service-2 for analyzing chest computed tomography images); and sensitivity ranged from 0.739 to 1.000 (the highest values were achieved by the artificial intelligence single-purpose and artificial intelligence comprehensive service-2 for analyzing abdominal computed tomography images).</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION<italic>:</italic></bold><bold><italic> </italic></bold>Artificial intelligence-based software for detecting adrenal neoplasms showed high diagnostic accuracy across all the evaluated metrics. Therefore, such systems may be effective for identifying adrenal neoplasms on chest and abdominal computed tomography scans of the chest and abdominal organs.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold><bold> </bold>Новообразования надпочечников относят к частым находкам при проведении компьютерной томографии, которая является основным методом их визуализации, поскольку в большинстве случаев позволяет предположить нозологическую форму образования. В настоящее время активно разрабатывают и внедряют программные обеспечения на основе технологий искусственного интеллекта для обнаружения новообразований надпочечников при проведении компьютерной томографии. Настоящее исследование посвящено оценке диагностической эффективности программных обеспечений на основе технологий искусственного интеллекта в отношении выявления новообразований надпочечников по данным компьютерной томографии органов грудной клетки и брюшной полости, имеющихся на первый квартал 2024 г.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования.</bold><bold> </bold>Оценить диагностическую эффективность программных обеспечений на основе технологий искусственного интеллекта при выявлении новообразований надпочечников по данным компьютерной томографии.</p> <p><bold>Методы.</bold><bold> </bold>Проведено тестирование программных обеспечений на основе технологий искусственного интеллекта в двух модификациях: моносервиса, определяющего только новообразования надпочечников и комплексного сервиса искусственного интеллекта для оценки нативных серий изображений компьютерной томографии органов брюшной полости и грудной клетки (в том числе с внутривенным контрастированием). В работе использовали два набора данных: набор данных № 1 содержал результаты компьютерной томографии органов брюшной полости; набор данных № 2 — результаты компьютерной томографии органов грудной клетки. Каждый набор данных состоял из 100 исследований компьютерной томографии с наличием (<italic>n</italic>=50) и отсутствием (<italic>n</italic>=50) признаков новообразований надпочечников, предварительно анонимизированных. Оценку точности программных обеспечений на основе технологий искусственного интеллекта проводили путём расчёта следующих статистических показателей: площади под характеристической кривой (AUC), точности, чувствительности и специфичности.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold><bold> </bold>По результатам тестирования с использованием подготовленных наборов данных с признаками новообразований надпочечников программные обеспечения на основе технологий искусственного интеллекта достигли высоких значений метрик диагностической точности, превышающих заявленные показатели: AUC от 0,858 до 0,995 (максимальный показатель у моносервиса искусственного интеллекта-2 для анализа изображений органов брюшной полости); специфичность от 0,920 до 1,000 (максимальный показатель у комплексного сервиса искусственного интеллекта-2 для анализа изображений органов грудной клетки), чувствительность от 0,739 до 1,000 (максимальные показатели у моносервиса и комплексного сервиса искусственного интеллекта-2 для анализа изображений органов брюшной полости).</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Программные обеспечения на основе технологий искусственного интеллекта для выявления новообразований надпочечников продемонстрировали высокие значения метрик диагностической точности. В связи с этим они потенциально могут быть использованы в качестве метода эффективного обнаружения новообразований надпочечников при проведении компьютерной томографии органов брюшной полости и грудной клетки.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>论证：肾上腺肿瘤是计算机断层扫描中常见的偶然发现。计算机断层扫描是其主要影像学方法，在多数情况下可提示病灶的病理学性质。目前，基于人工智能技术的软件正在积极研发与应用，用于计算机断层扫描检查中肾上腺肿瘤的检测。本研究旨在评估截至2024年第一季度已有的基于人工智能的软件在胸腹部计算机断层扫描检查中检测肾上腺肿瘤的诊断效能。</p> <p>目的：评估基于人工智能技术的软件在计算机断层扫描检查中检测肾上腺肿瘤的诊断效能。</p> <p>方法：测试了两类人工智能软件：单一服务软件，仅用于检测肾上腺肿瘤；综合性人工智能服务软件，用于分析腹部及胸部计算机断层扫描原始图像序列（包括静脉对比增强扫描）。研究采用两组数据集：数据集1为腹部计算机断层扫描，数据集2为胸部计算机断层扫描。每组数据均包含100例计算机断层扫描检查，其中存在肾上腺肿瘤征象 (<italic>n</italic>=50)，无征象 (<italic>n</italic>=50)，所有数据均经匿名化处理。通过计算以下统计指标对基于人工智能技术的软件的诊断效能进行评估：曲线下面积（AUC）、准确率、敏感性和特异性。</p> <p>结果：在含有肾上腺肿瘤征象的数据集上进行测试时，基于人工智能技术的软件达到了较高的诊断学准确性指标，并超过了声明的性能指标：AUC范围为0.858–0.995（最高值出现在用于分析腹部计算机断层扫描的单一服务软件-2）；特异性范围为0.920–1.000（最高值出现在用于分析胸部计算机断层扫描的综合性人工智能软件-2）；敏感性范围为0.739–1.000 （最高值出现在用于分析腹部计算机断层扫描的单一服务软件-2和综合性人工智能软件-2）。</p> <p>结论：基于人工智能技术的软件在肾上腺肿瘤检测中展示了较高的诊断学准确性指标。因此，它们有望作为腹部和胸部计算机断层扫描中肾上腺肿瘤有效发现的方法之一。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>computed tomography</kwd><kwd>artificial intelligence</kwd><kwd>neural networks</kwd><kwd>deep learning</kwd><kwd>adrenal neoplasms</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>компьютерная томография</kwd><kwd>искусственный интеллект</kwd><kwd>нейронные сети</kwd><kwd>глубокое обучение</kwd><kwd>новообразования надпочечников</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>计算机断层扫描</kwd><kwd>人工智能</kwd><kwd>神经网络</kwd><kwd>深度学习</kwd><kwd>肾上腺肿瘤</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow City Health Department</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Департамент здравоохранения города Москвы</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="zh">莫斯科市卫生局</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>1196</award-id></award-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This article was prepared by the author team as part of the research project “Scientific Methodologies for the Sustainable Development of Artificial Intelligence Technologies in Medical Diagnostics” (EGISU No. 123031500004-5), in accordance with Order No. 1196 dated December 21, 2022, On the Approval of State Assignments Funded from the Budget of the City of Moscow for State Budgetary (Autonomous) Institutions Subordinate to the Moscow City Health Department for 2023 and the Planned Period of 2024–2025, issued by the Moscow City Health Department.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Данная статья подготовлена авторским коллективом в рамках научно-исследовательской работы «Научные методологии устойчивого развития технологий искусственного интеллекта в медицинской диагностике», (ЕГИСУ: № 123031500004-5) в соответствии с Приказом № 1196 от 21 декабря 2022 г. «Об утверждении государственных заданий, финансовое обеспечение которых осуществляется за счёт средств бюджета города Москвы государственным бюджетным (автономным) учреждениям подведомственным Департаменту здравоохранения города Москвы, на 2023 год и плановый период 2024 и 2025 годов» Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="zh">This article was prepared by the author team as part of the research project “Scientific Methodologies for the Sustainable Development of Artificial Intelligence Technologies in Medical Diagnostics” (EGISU No. 123031500004-5), in accordance with Order No. 1196 dated December 21, 2022, On the Approval of State Assignments Funded from the Budget of the City of Moscow for State Budgetary (Autonomous) Institutions Subordinate to the Moscow City Health Department for 2023 and the Planned Period of 2024–2025, issued by the Moscow City Health Department.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Fassnacht M, Arlt W, Bancos I, et al. 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