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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Digital Diagnostics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Digital Diagnostics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Digital Diagnostics</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>Digital Diagnostics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2712-8490</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2712-8962</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">635349</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/DD635349</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">BXDWFO</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Systematic reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Систематические обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>系统评价</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Use of artificial intelligence technologies in laboratory medicine, their effectiveness and application scenarios: a systematic review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Опыт использования технологий искусственного интеллекта в лабораторной медицине, их эффективность и сценарии применения: систематический обзор</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>人工智能技术在实验室医学中的应用经验、有效性与应用场景：系统综述</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5283-5961</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4458-5608</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasilev</surname><given-names>Yuriy A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васильев</surname><given-names>Юрий Александрович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Vasilev</surname><given-names>Yuriy A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>npcmr@zdrav.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8886-3684</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6135-4872</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nanova</surname><given-names>Olga G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нанова</surname><given-names>Ольга Геннадьевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Nanova</surname><given-names>Olga G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><email>nanova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2990-7736</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3602-7120</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vladzymyrskyy</surname><given-names>Anton V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Владзимирский</surname><given-names>Антон Вячеславович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Vladzymyrskyy</surname><given-names>Anton V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>VladzimirskijAV@zdrav.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2787-4731</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8854-0469</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Goldberg</surname><given-names>Arcadiy S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гольдберг</surname><given-names>Аркадий Станиславович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Goldberg</surname><given-names>Arcadiy S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>goldarcadiy@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2681-9378</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3306-1387</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Blokhin</surname><given-names>Ivan A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Блохин</surname><given-names>Иван Андреевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Blokhin</surname><given-names>Ivan A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>BlokhinIA@zdrav.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9661-0254</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8592-0558</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Reshetnikov</surname><given-names>Roman V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Решетников</surname><given-names>Роман Владимирович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Reshetnikov</surname><given-names>Roman V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Physics and Mathematics)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. физ.-мат. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Cand. Sci. (Physics and Mathematics)</p></bio><email>ReshetnikovRV1@zdrav.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research and Practical Clinical Center for Diagnostics and Telemedicine Technologies</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-практический клинический центр диагностики и телемедицинских технологий</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Research and Practical Clinical Center for Diagnostics and Telemedicine Technologies</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">The Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-05-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-07-08" publication-format="electronic"><day>08</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>251</fpage><lpage>267</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-08-23"><day>23</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-11-21"><day>21</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-вектор</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://jdigitaldiagnostics.com/DD/article/view/635349">https://jdigitaldiagnostics.com/DD/article/view/635349</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold><italic>BACKGROUND: </italic></bold>With the increasing volume of data, laboratory medicine requires automation and standardization of routine processes to reduce workload on healthcare professionals and clear their time for more specialized tasks. Machine learning models and artificial neural networks support image recognition and analysis of large data sets, which allows their integration into laboratory workflows to solve routine tasks.</p> <p><bold><italic>AIM: </italic></bold>This study aimed to analyze global scientific publications on the application of artificial intelligence technologies in laboratory medicine and their potential to address current challenges and identify barriers in their integration into laboratory workflows.</p> <p><bold><italic>METHODS: </italic></bold>A search for publications was conducted using PubMed, manufacturer websites offering ready-to-use laboratory solutions, and reference lists from other reviews. The Mendeley software was utilized for bibliographic data management. The search covered the time interval 2019–2024. Obtained data included bibliometric indicators, research areas, key methodological characteristics, diagnostic effectiveness values for artificial intelligence systems and healthcare professionals, the number and experience of involved healthcare professionals, and validated outcomes of artificial intelligence implementation. The study quality was assessed using a modified QUADAS-CAD checklist.</p> <p><bold><italic>RESULTS: </italic></bold>Twenty-three publications presenting studies at the pre-analytical (<italic>n</italic> = 1), analytical (<italic>n</italic> = 19), and post-analytical (<italic>n</italic> = 3) stages of laboratory analysis were included. Most studies focused on cytology and microbiology, accounting for 48% and 35% of the studies, respectively. Artificial intelligence demonstrated high effectiveness in solving tasks across all stages of the laboratory process. Moreover, its diagnostic accuracy was comparable to that of healthcare professionals; however, decision-making speed was higher. All studies demonstrated a risk of systematic bias, which was associated with unbalanced samples, lacking external data validation, and incomplete description of datasets and analytical methods.</p> <p><bold><italic>CONCLUSION: </italic></bold>Artificial intelligence demonstrates high potential in diagnostic accuracy and processing speed, making it a promising tool to be integrated into laboratory practice and automation of routine processes. However, to achieve this, research methodologies for artificial intelligence should be standardized to reduce the risk of systematic bias, establish reference values for laboratories to ensure the reproducibility and generalizability of results, raise awareness among healthcare professionals and patients on how artificial intelligence works to overcome prejudices, and develop reliable mechanisms for protecting personal data when using artificial intelligence.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование. </bold>Область лабораторной медицины в связи с нарастающим потоком данных нуждается в автоматизации и стандартизации рутинных процессов для разгрузки медицинских работников и высвобождения их времени на решение более специализированных задач. Модели машинного обучения и искусственные нейронные сети помогают распознавать изображения и анализировать большие массивы данных, что потенциально позволяет внедрить их в работу лабораторий для решения рутинных задач.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования.</bold> Проанализировать мировую литературу в области применения технологий искусственного интеллекта в лабораторной медицине, оценить их возможности в отношении решения существующих задач, а также выявить возможные проблемы, затрудняющие внедрение искусственного интеллекта в лабораторные процессы.</p> <p><bold>Методы. </bold>Поиск работ проводили в поисковой системе PubMed, на сайтах производителей готовых лабораторных решений и в списках литературы других обзоров. Кроме того, использовали программу для управления библиографической информацией Mendeley. Временной интервал — 2019–2024 гг. Из найденных публикаций извлекали библиометрические данные, область исследований, основные методические характеристики, значения диагностической эффективности искусственного интеллекта и медицинских работников, число и опыт задействованных медицинских специалистов, подтверждённые результаты его внедрения. Качество исследований оценивали с помощью модифицированного опросника QUADAS-CAD.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>Всего в обзор включили 23 публикации, в которых представлены исследования на преаналитическом, аналитическом и постааналитическом этапах лабораторного анализа — 1, 19 и 3 соответственно. Большинство исследований проведено в области цитологии и микробиологии — 48 и 35% соответственно. Искусственный интеллект демонстрирует высокую эффективность в отношении решения задач на всех этапах лабораторного процесса. Кроме того, его диагностическая точность сопоставима с уровнем медицинских работников, а скорость принятия решений значительно выше. Тем не менее во всех работах наблюдали риск систематической ошибки, что связано с несбалансированностью выборок, отсутствием внешней валидации данных, а также точного их описания и методов анализа.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Искусственный интеллект обладает высоким потенциалом в отношении диагностической точности и скорости работы, что делает его перспективным инструментом для внедрения в лабораторную практику и автоматизации рутинных процессов. Однако для этого необходимо стандартизировать методики исследования искусственного интеллекта для снижения риска систематических ошибок, установить референсные значения для лабораторий с целью обеспечения воспроизводимости и обобщаемости результатов, повысить осведомлённость медицинских работников и пациентов о принципах его работы для преодоления предубеждений, а также разработать надёжные механизмы защиты персональных данных при использовании искусственного интеллекта.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>论证。随着实验室医学领域数据量的持续增长，该领域亟需实现常规流程的自动化与标准化，以减轻医务人员的工作负担，使其能够专注于更具专业性的任务。机器学习模型和人工神经网络能够识别图像并分析大规模数据，为其在实验室中承担常规任务的应用与整合提供了潜力。</p> <p>目的。分析全球文献中人工智能在实验室医学中的应用情况，评估其在解决现有问题方面的能力，并识别限制人工智能融入实验室流程的潜在障碍。</p> <p>方法。文献检索通过PubMed检索系统、实验室成品解决方案制造商官网以及其他综述文章的参考文献进行。此外，还使用Mendeley软件进行参考文献管理。时间范围为2019年至2024年。提取信息包括文献计量数据、研究领域、主要方法学特征、人工智能与医务人员的诊断效能指标、参与医务人员的数量及经验水平，以及其在实际应用中的验证结果。研究质量评估采用改良版QUADAS-CAD问卷工具。</p> <p>结果。本综述共纳入23篇文献，其中包括分别针对实验室分析前阶段（1项）、分析阶段（19项）和分析后阶段（3项）的研究。大多数研究集中于细胞学和微生物学领域，分别占48%和35%。人工智能在实验室各阶段任务的解决方面表现出较高的效能。此外，其诊断准确性可与医务人员水平相当，且决策速度显著更快。然而，所有研究均存在系统偏倚风险，主要原因包括样本分布不平衡、缺乏外部验证，以及对数据本身及其分析方法的描述不够详细。</p> <p>结论。人工智能在诊断准确性和处理速度方面具有较高的潜力，因此被认为是推进实验室常规流程自动化和推广应用的有前景工具。然而，为实现这一目标，有必要：对人工智能研究方法进行标准化，以降低系统偏倚风险；为实验室建立参考标准，以确保结果的可重复性与可推广性；提高医务人员和患者对其工作机制的认知，以消除对人工智能的成见；制定可靠的个人数据保护机制，以保障人工智能应用过程中的数据安全。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>artificial intelligence</kwd><kwd>machine learning</kwd><kwd>computer vision</kwd><kwd>laboratory medicine</kwd><kwd>pathomorphology</kwd><kwd>systematic review</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>искусственный интеллект</kwd><kwd>машинное обучение</kwd><kwd>компьютерное зрение</kwd><kwd>лабораторная медицина</kwd><kwd>патоморфология</kwd><kwd>систематический обзор</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>人工智能</kwd><kwd>机器学习</kwd><kwd>计算机视觉</kwd><kwd>实验室医学</kwd><kwd>病理学</kwd><kwd>系统综述</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow City Health Department</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Департамент здравоохранения города Москвы</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="zh">Moscow City Health Department</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>1196</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Bonert M, Zafar U, Maung R, et al. 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