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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Digital Diagnostics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Digital Diagnostics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Digital Diagnostics</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>Digital Diagnostics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2712-8490</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2712-8962</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">683673</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/DD683673</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">AUSLYD</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Practice Guidelines</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Клинические рекомендации</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>临床实践指南</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Diagnostic ultrasound for rotational vertebral artery syndrome: indications, examination technique, diagnostic criteria, and algorithm (Russian expert consensus)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Ультразвуковая диагностика ротационной компрессии позвоночной артерии: показания, методика проведения, критерии и алгоритм диагностики (согласительный документ российских экспертов)</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>椎动脉旋转性压迫的超声诊断：适应证、检查方法、诊断标准与算法（俄罗斯专家共识文件）</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8726-8928</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9394-6995</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chechetkin</surname><given-names>Andrey O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чечёткин</surname><given-names>Андрей Олегович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Chechetkin</surname><given-names>Andrey O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>andreychechetkin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7273-6979</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3738-3289</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Balakhonova</surname><given-names>Tatyana V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Балахонова</surname><given-names>Татьяна Валентиновна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Balakhonova</surname><given-names>Tatyana V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><email>tvbdoc@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7739-1684</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7594-1380</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Enkina</surname><given-names>Tatiana N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Енькина</surname><given-names>Татьяна Николаевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Enkina</surname><given-names>Tatiana N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>tatiana.enkina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4869-5465</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9224-1959</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulikov</surname><given-names>Vladimir P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куликов</surname><given-names>Владимир Павлович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Kulikov</surname><given-names>Vladimir P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><email>kulikov57@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7026-9417</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1100-8854</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Timina</surname><given-names>Irina E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тимина</surname><given-names>Ирина Евгеньевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Timina</surname><given-names>Irina E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>timina68@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6325-8766</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7757-2071</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shulgina</surname><given-names>Ludmila E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шульгина</surname><given-names>Людмила Эдуардовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Shulgina</surname><given-names>Ludmila E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>ofd-shulgina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9871-8173</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8102-9042</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shumilina</surname><given-names>Margarita V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шумилина</surname><given-names>Маргарита Владимировна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Shumilina</surname><given-names>Margarita V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>Shumilinamv@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Сenter of Neurology and Neurosciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский центр неврологии и нейронаук</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Russian Сenter of Neurology and Neurosciences</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology named after Academician E.I. Chazov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр кардиологии имени академика Е.И. Чазова</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology named after Academician E.I. Chazov</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">North-Western District and Scientific Clinical Center named after L.G. Sokolov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Северо-Западный окружной научно-клинический центр имени Л.Г. Соколова</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">North-Western District and Scientific Clinical Center named after L.G. Sokolov</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Altai State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Алтайский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Altai State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">A.V. Vishnevsky National Medical Research Center of Surgery</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр хирургии имени А.В. Вишневского</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">A.V. Vishnevsky National Medical Research Center of Surgery</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff6"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Polyclinic No. 1 of the Presidential Administration of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Поликлиника № 1 Управления делами Президента Российской Федерации</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Polyclinic No. 1 of the Presidential Administration of the Russian Federation</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff7"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Center for Cardiovascular Surgery named after A.N. Bakulev</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр сердечно-сосудистой хирургии имени А.Н. Бакулева</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">National Medical Research Center for Cardiovascular Surgery named after A.N. Bakulev</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-12-02" publication-format="electronic"><day>02</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-29" publication-format="electronic"><day>29</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>571</fpage><lpage>582</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-06-10"><day>10</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-10-09"><day>09</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-вектор</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://jdigitaldiagnostics.com/DD/article/view/683673">https://jdigitaldiagnostics.com/DD/article/view/683673</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article presents a consensus statement by Russian experts dedicated to the ultrasound diagnosis of rotational vertebral artery syndrome. Rotational extravascular compression of the vertebral artery is reported in 5%–17% of cases. In turn, it represents a substantial cause of vertebrobasilar insufficiency; however, it may also be asymptomatic. Clinical signs of rotational vertebral artery syndrome are non-specific but are invariably associated with changes in head position and rapidly regress after return to the neutral position. The risk of developing clinical symptoms increases when the dominant vertebral artery is compressed. The most common level of compression is the third (V3) segment in young and middle-aged patients and the second (V2) segment in older individuals. The causes of rotational vertebral artery syndrome include congenital anomalies and acquired skeletal deformities, hypertrophy or spasm of the cervical muscles, and external compression by various space-occupying lesions of the neck.</p> <p>The absence of unified standards and insufficient awareness among clinicians regarding the clinical signs and diagnostic approaches for rotational vertebral artery syndrome often result in overdiagnosis of this medical condition.</p> <p>The paper describes the ultrasound examination technique using rotational head and neck maneuvers (including the arteries assessed, transducers employed, patient and examiner positioning, and types of head and neck rotation). Topographic and anatomical limitations of visualizing arteries of the vertebrobasilar circulation depending on head rotation are discussed, along with criteria for interpreting the results (including pre-compression, compression, and post-compression blood flow changes). In addition, a diagnostic algorithm is presented, outlining key elements that should be included in the examination report, as well as a clinical case example. The authors emphasize the importance of the follow-up hemodynamic assessment of segments of the vertebral artery, basilar artery, or posterior cerebral arteries to identify the level and regional significance of the compression. The proposed algorithm enables standardization of diagnostic approaches and reduces the risk of errors in clinical practice.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Статья представляет консенсус российских экспертов, посвящённый ультразвуковой диагностике ротационной компрессии позвоночной артерии. Ротационную экстравазальную компрессию позвоночной артерии встречают в 5–17% случаев. В свою очередь, она является значимой причиной вертебрально-базилярной недостаточности, однако может иметь асимптомное течение. Клинические проявления ротационной компрессии неспецифичны, но обязательно связаны с изменением положения головы и быстро регрессируют после возвращения её в нейтральное положение. Риск развития клинических симптомов повышается в случае, если компрессии подвергается доминантная позвоночная артерия. Наиболее распространённым уровнем её компрессии является третий (V3) сегмент у пациентов молодого и среднего возраста и второй (V2) сегмент у лиц пожилого возраста. Среди причин ротационной компрессии позвоночной артерии различают врождённые аномалии и приобретённые деформации скелета, гипертрофию или спазм мышц шеи, а также сдавление её различными объёмными образованиями на шее.</p> <p>Вследствие отсутствия единых стандартов и недостаточной осведомлённости врачей о клинических проявлениях ротационной компрессии позвоночной артерии и методах её диагностики часто отмечают гипердиагностику данного состояния.</p> <p>В работе описаны методика выполнения ультразвукового исследования с применением ротационных проб головы и шеи (исследуемые артерии, используемые датчики, положение пациента и врача, виды ротации головы и шеи), топографо-анатомические ограничения локации артерий вертебрально-базилярного бассейна в зависимости от ротации головы, критерии оценки полученных результатов (пред-, пост- и компрессионные изменения кровотока). Кроме того, представлен алгоритм диагностики, основные положения, которые необходимо указать в протоколе исследования, а также клинический пример. Авторы подчёркивают важность динамической оценки гемодинамических показателей в сегментах позвоночной артерии, базилярной или задних мозговых артериях для выявления уровня и регионарной значимости компрессии. Предложенный алгоритм позволяет стандартизировать диагностику и снизить риск ошибок в клинической практике.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>本文为俄罗斯专家就椎动脉旋转性压迫的超声诊断所形成的共识文件。椎动脉旋转性血管外压迫的发生率为5–17%。该病变是椎-基底动脉供血不足的重要原因之一，但亦可呈无症状经过。其临床表现缺乏特异性，但必然与头部位置改变相关，并在头部恢复至中立位后迅速缓解。当受压血管为优势椎动脉时，发生临床症状的风险显著增加。最常见的受压水平为：青年及中年患者以第三段（V3）为主，老年患者多见于第二段（V2）。椎动脉旋转性压迫的病因包括先天性骨骼异常、获得性骨骼畸形、颈部肌肉肥厚或痉挛，以及颈部各种占位性病变对血管的压迫。</p> <p>由于缺乏统一的诊断标准，且临床医师对椎动脉旋转性压迫的临床表现及其诊断方法认识不足，临床实践中常出现该状态的过度诊断。</p> <p>本文阐述了在应用头颈部旋转试验条件下进行超声检查的方法学（包括受检动脉、所使用的探头、患者与检查者的体位以及头部与颈部的旋转方式），并描述了在不同头位旋转情况下椎-基底动脉系统血管可视化的拓扑解剖学限制，以及所得结果的评估标准（压迫前、压迫后及压迫期的血流变化）。此外，文中提出了诊断算法，并明确了检查报告中需要注明的主要内容，同时提供了临床病例。作者强调，应对椎动脉各段、基底动脉或后脑动脉的血流动力学参数进行动态评估，以明确压迫的部位及其区域性血流学意义。所提出的算法有助于规范椎动脉旋转性压迫的超声诊断，并降低临床实践中的诊断错误风险。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>vertebral artery ultrasound</kwd><kwd>rotational vertebral artery syndrome</kwd><kwd>rotational vertebrobasilar insufficiency</kwd><kwd>functional tests</kwd><kwd>algorithm</kwd><kwd>consensus</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ультразвуковое исследование позвоночной артерии</kwd><kwd>ротационная компрессия позвоночной артерии</kwd><kwd>ротационная вертебрально-базилярная недостаточность</kwd><kwd>функциональные пробы</kwd><kwd>алгоритм</kwd><kwd>консенсус</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>椎动脉超声检查</kwd><kwd>椎动脉旋转性压迫</kwd><kwd>旋转性椎-基底动脉供血不足</kwd><kwd>功能性试验</kwd><kwd>算法</kwd><kwd>专家共识</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Davis DD, Munakomi S, Kane SM. 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