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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Digital Diagnostics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Digital Diagnostics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Digital Diagnostics</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>Digital Diagnostics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2712-8490</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2712-8962</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">686765</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/DD686765</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">MSHWOR</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Study Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>原创性科研成果</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The role of myocardial strain assessment using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in patients with non-compacted left ventricular myocardium: determination of subclinical contractility disorder</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Роль измерения деформации миокарда по данным магнитно-резонансной томографии у пациентов с некомпактным миокардом левого желудочка: определение субклинического нарушения сократимости</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>非致密型左心室心肌患者心脏磁共振成像数据测量心肌变形的作用：确定收缩功能的亚临床障</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0894-1994</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2665-5973</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Filatova</surname><given-names>Daria A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филатова</surname><given-names>Дарья Андреевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Filatova</surname><given-names>Daria A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD</p></bio><email>dariafilatova.msu@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1266-4926</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6897-9641</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mershina</surname><given-names>Elena A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мершина</surname><given-names>Елена Александровна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Mershina</surname><given-names>Elena A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><email>elena_mershina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3629-0591</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8950-7148</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gagarina</surname><given-names>Evgeniya V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гагарина</surname><given-names>Евгения Викторовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Gagarina</surname><given-names>Evgeniya V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD</p></bio><email>evgenia_ryzhkova@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9024-5364</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3154-4652</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Myasnikov</surname><given-names>Roman P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мясников</surname><given-names>Роман Петрович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Myasnikov</surname><given-names>Roman P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>andorom@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3138-054X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3531-7321</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulikova</surname><given-names>Olga V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куликова</surname><given-names>Ольга Викторовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Kulikova</surname><given-names>Olga V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>olgakulikova2014@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5187-0108</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6340-5187</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Meshkov</surname><given-names>Alexey N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мешков</surname><given-names>Алексей Николаевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Meshkov</surname><given-names>Alexey N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>meshkov@lipidclinic.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3254-1082</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5041-5222</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kiseleva</surname><given-names>Anna V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Киселёва</surname><given-names>Анна Витальевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Kiseleva</surname><given-names>Anna V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><email>akiseleva@gnicpm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5649-2193</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8449-6590</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sinitsyn</surname><given-names>Valentin E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Синицын</surname><given-names>Валентин Евгеньевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Sinitsyn</surname><given-names>Valentin E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><email>vsini@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр терапии и профилактической медицины</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-02-26" publication-format="electronic"><day>26</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-04-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>22</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-07-10"><day>10</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-01-23"><day>23</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Эко-вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2026, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-вектор</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://jdigitaldiagnostics.com/DD/article/view/686765">https://jdigitaldiagnostics.com/DD/article/view/686765</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND: </bold>Non-compacted left ventricular myocardium is a phenotypic variant of the myocardium structure with increased trabecularity and the formation of two distinct layers: compacted and non-compacted. It is known that patients with non-compacted left ventricular myocardium gradually develop contractile dysfunction, leading to chronic heart failure. Increased trabecularity can be observed both in healthy individuals and in certain non-ischemic heart diseases, particularly in dilated cardiomyopathy. In some cases, their differential diagnosis may be complicated, especially when the left ventricle ejection fraction is not reduced or is moderately reduced, and left ventricular dilation is minimal. Recently, publications have reported that myocardial strain parameters assessed using echocardiography and/or cardiac magnetic resonance imaging can detect subclinical disorders of myocardial contractility.</p> <p><bold>AIM: </bold>To assess the myocardial strain parameters using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in patients with non-compacted left ventricular myocardium and preserved left ventricle ejection fraction compared with patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and healthy controls, and to determine the diagnostic value of these parameters for detecting subclinical disorders of myocardial contractility.</p> <p><bold>METHODS: </bold>This multicenter, observational, retrospective, cross-sectional study included patients with non-compacted left ventricular myocardium with preserved left ventricle ejection fraction (group 1), healthy volunteers (group 2), and patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (group 3). All patients underwent CMR with intravenous contrast administration.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS: </bold>A total of 112 participants were enrolled: 16 patients with non-compacted left ventricular myocardium with preserved left ventricle ejection fraction (group 1), 51 patients in the control group without pathological changes in heart chambers according to cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (group 2), and 45 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (group 3). Mutations in the<italic> MYH7</italic>,<italic> MYBPC3</italic>, <italic>TTN</italic>, and <italic>DES</italic> genes had been previously detected in all patients with non-compacted left ventricular myocardium with preserved left ventricle ejection fraction. Analysis of the myocardial strain parameters revealed a decrease in the global and segmental strain parameters in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy; a decrease in longitudinal and circumferential strain in patients with non-compacted left ventricular myocardium compared with the control group in the middle and apical segments, and a decrease in radial strain in all segments.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION: </bold>Myocardial strain assessment can serve as a valuable diagnostic tool for detecting early contractility disorders in patients with non-compacted left ventricular myocardium with preserved left ventricle ejection fraction.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование. </bold>Некомпактный миокард левого желудочка представляет фенотипический вариант строения миокарда, при котором отмечают его повышенную трабекулярность с формированием двух отчётливых слоёв: компактного и некомпактного. Известно, что у пациентов с некомпактным миокардом левого желудочка может постепенно развиваться сократительная дисфункция миокарда, приводящая к сердечной недостаточности. Повышенную трабекулярность левого желудочка можно встречать как в норме, так и при определённых неишемических заболеваниях сердца, в частности при дилатационной кардиомиопатии. В некоторых случаях их дифференциальная диагностика представляет сложную задачу, особенно когда фракция выброса не снижена или снижена умеренно, а дилатация левого желудочка незначительна. В последнее время в литературе появляются данные, свидетельствующие о том, что показатели деформации миокарда (Myocardial Strain), оценённые с помощью эхокардиографии и/или магнитно-резонансной томографии, позволяют выявлять ранние субклинические нарушения сократимости миокарда.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования. </bold>Изучить показатели деформации миокарда с помощью магнитно-резонансной томографии сердца у пациентов с некомпактным миокардом левого желудочка и сохранной фракцией выброса левого желудочка в сравнении с пациентами с дилатационной кардиомиопатией и здоровыми лицами, а также определить диагности-ческую ценность этих параметров для выявления субклинических нарушений сократимости миокарда.</p> <p><bold>Методы. </bold>Проведено наблюдательное ретроспективное многоцентровое выборочное исследование. В него включали пациентов с некомпактным миокардом левого желудочка с его сохранной сократительной функцией (1-я группа), здоровых добровольцев (2-я группа), а также пациентов с дилатационной кардиомиопатией (3-я группа). Всем пациентам выполнена магнитно-резонансная томография сердца с внутривенным контрастированием.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>В исследование включено 112 участников, из них 16 пациентов с некомпактным миокардом левого желудочка с его сохранной фракцией выброса (1-я группа), 51 пациент из группы нормы без патологических изменений камер сердца по данным магнитно-резонансной томографии (2-я группа) и 45 пациентов с дилатационной кардиомиопатией (3-я группа). У всех пациентов с некомпактным миокардом левого желудочка и сохранной фракцией выброса ранее выявлены мутации в генах <italic>MYH7</italic>, <italic>MYBPC3</italic>, <italic>TTN</italic> и <italic>DES</italic>. При изучении деформации миокарда отмечено снижение параметров глобальной и сегментарной деформации у пациентов 3-й группы, а также снижение показателей продольной и циркулярной деформации у пациентов 1-й группы по сравнению со 2-й группой в средних и апикальных сегментах, а также показателей радиальной деформации во всех сегментах.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Измерение показателей деформации миокарда может служить важным диагностическим инструментом выявления ранних нарушений сократимости у пациентов с некомпактным миокардом левого желудочка при сохранной фракции выброса левого желудочка.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>论证：非致密型左心室心肌是心肌结构的一种表型变异，其特征是心肌小梁增多并形成两个明显层次：致密层和非致密层。已知NCLV患者可能逐渐发展为心肌收缩功能障碍，导致心力衰竭。左心室小梁增多既可见于正常情况，也见于某些非缺血性心脏病，特别是扩张型心肌病。在某些情况下，其鉴别诊断是一项复杂任务，尤其是当射血分数未降低或中度降低，且左心室扩张不显著时。近期文献中出现的数据表明，通过超声心动图和/或磁共振成像评估的心肌应变（Myocardial Strain）指标能够检测出心肌收缩功能的早期亚临床障碍。</p> <p>目的：研究非致密型左心室心肌患者及保留左心室射血分数患者的心脏磁共振成像心肌应变指标，并与扩张型心肌病患者和健康受试者进行比较，同时确定这些参数对于检测心肌收缩亚临床障碍的诊断价值。</p> <p>方法：进行了一项观察性、回顾性、多中心、选择性研究。研究包括左心室收缩功能保留的非致密型左心室心肌患者（第1组）、健康志愿者（第2组）以及扩张型心肌病患者 （第3组）。所有患者均接受了心脏磁共振成像检查并进行静脉对比增强。</p> <p>结果：研究共纳入112名参与者，其中16名为留左心室射血分数保留的非致密型左心室心肌患者（第1组），51名为根据磁共振成像数据心脏腔室无病理改变的正常组受试者（第2组）， 以及45名扩张型心肌病患者（第3组）。所有非致密型左心室心肌且留左心室射血分数保留的患者先前均检测出<italic>MYH7</italic>、<italic>MYBPC3</italic>、<italic>TTN</italic>和<italic>DES</italic>基因突变。在研究心肌应变参数时，发现第3组患者的全局和节段应变参数均降低，并且与第2组相比，第1组患者在中段和心尖段的纵向和环向应变指标以及所有节段的径向应变指标均有所降低。</p> <p>结论：测量心肌应变指标可作为检测非致密型左心室心肌且留左心室射血分数保留患者早期收缩功能障碍的重要诊断工具。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>myocardial strain</kwd><kwd>magnetic resonance imaging</kwd><kwd>left ventricle</kwd><kwd>non-compacted myocardium</kwd><kwd>dilated cardiomyopathy</kwd><kwd>ejection fraction</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>деформация миокарда</kwd><kwd>магнитно-резонансная томография</kwd><kwd>левый желудочек</kwd><kwd>некомпактный миокард</kwd><kwd>дилатационная кардиомиопатия</kwd><kwd>фракция выброса</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>心肌变形</kwd><kwd>磁共振成像</kwd><kwd>左心室</kwd><kwd>非致密型心肌</kwd><kwd>扩张型心肌病</kwd><kwd>射血分数</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Правительство РФ</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Government of RF</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="zh">Government of RF</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was part of State Assignment No. 2025.0708.004 by Lomonosov Moscow State University.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено в рамках Государственного задания № 2025.0708.004 Московского государственного университета имени М.В. 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