The high-temperature in situ synchrotron study of structural-phase transformations in 3D-printed Ti–6Al–4V and Ti–5Al–3Mo–V titanium alloys

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Abstract

An wire-feed electron beam additive manufactoring has been used to obtain the samples of Ti‒6Al–4V and Ti–5Al–3Mo–V titanium alloys. Optical, scanning, and transmission electron microscopies have been used to show that the microstructure of the 3D printed samples of Ti–6Al–4V and Ti–5Al–3Mo–V alloys consists of columnar primary grains of the β-phase, within which martensitic αʹ plates are formed. The high-temperature synchrotron X-ray diffraction technique was used to show the evolution of αʹ → α + β +αʹʹ transformations in Ti–Al–V and Ti–Al–Mo-V titanium alloys, which causes an increase in the content of residual β-phase and the formation of orthorhombic αʹʹ-phase. The decomposition of the αʹ-phase in Ti–6Al–4V and Ti–5Al–3Mo–V samples started at temperatures of 600 and 400°C respectively. Intensive oxidation of titanium alloys in a the high-temperature chamber at temperatures above 900°C resulted in a decrease in the volume fraction of β- and αʹʹ-phases, as well as inhibition of polymorphic α→β transformation.

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About the authors

T. A. Lobova

Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science SB RAS

Author for correspondence.
Email: tal@ispms.ru
Russian Federation, Tomsk, 634055

A. V. Panin

Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science SB RAS; National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University

Email: tal@ispms.ru
Russian Federation, Tomsk, 634055; Tomsk, 634050

O. B. Perevalova

Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science SB RAS

Email: tal@ispms.ru
Russian Federation, Tomsk, 634055

M. S. Syrtanov

National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University

Email: tal@ispms.ru
Russian Federation, Tomsk, 634050

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2. Fig. 1. Optical images (a, g), EBSD maps (b, d) and TEM images (c, f) of the structure of 3D-printed titanium alloys Ti–6Al–4V (a, b, c) and Ti–5Al–3Mo–V (d, d, f).

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3. Fig. 2. Sections of the diffraction patterns of 3D-printed Ti–6Al–4V (a) and Ti–5Al–3Mo–V (b) samples obtained during heating to 1100°C and subsequent cooling.

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4. Fig. 3. Graphs of changes in the volume fractions of second phases in 3D-printed samples of Ti–6Al–4V (a) and Ti–5Al–3Mo–V (b) during heating to 1100°C and subsequent cooling.

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5. Fig. 4. Graph of the change in the c/a ratio of the crystal lattice of the α/αʹ phase in 3D-printed samples of Ti–6Al–4V (1) and Ti–5Al–3Mo–V (2) during heating to 1100°C and subsequent cooling.

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