Seasonal Features of theNmF2 Variability for Different Longitudes of the Middle Latitudes During Enhanced Geomagnetic Activity

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Abstract

Based on the data of seventeen midlatitude ionospheric stations for 1958–1988, analysis of seasonal features of the F2 layer maximum concentration (NmF2) at different longitudes with enhanced (48 > ap(τ) > 27) geomagnetic activity, where ap(τ) – the weighted average (with a characteristic time of 14 hours) ap-index of this activity. As the characteristics of NmF2 variability, the standard deviation of NmF2 fluctuations for relatively quiet conditions and the average shift of these fluctuations xave during daytime (11–13 LT) and night (23–01 LT) were used. It was obtained that at all analyzed stations, the dispersion σ2 for enhanced geomagnetic activity is greater than for quiet conditions, and, other things being equal, it is maximum in winter at night. For enhanced geomagnetic activity in all seasons, the difference in xave values between the analyzed stations is quite large. One of the reasons for this difference is associated with the dependence of xave on geomagnetic latitudes. To select these latitudes, approximations of the geomagnetic field with tilted dipole (TD), eccentric dipole (ED) or using corrected geomagnetic (CGM) coordinates were used. It has been obtained that the xave dependence on the ED-latitude is more accurate in comparison to the xave dependence on the TD-latitude or CGM-latitude during all seasons at night and during equinoxes and winter – in the daytime. In the summer, in the daytime hours xave dependence on ED-latitude and CGM- latitude are comparable in accuracy, and they are more accurate in comparison to xave dependence on the TD-latitude. Consequently, ED-latitudes are optimal for taking into account the effects of storms in the F2 layer maximum concentration at middle latitudes during all seasons. This conclusion was apparently made for the first time.

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V. H. Depuev

Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere, and Radio Wave Propagation, Russian Academy of Sciences (IZMIRAN)

Author for correspondence.
Email: depuev@izmiran.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow, Troitsk

M. G. Deminov

Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere, and Radio Wave Propagation, Russian Academy of Sciences (IZMIRAN)

Email: depuev@izmiran.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow, Troitsk

G. F. Deminova

Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere, and Radio Wave Propagation, Russian Academy of Sciences (IZMIRAN)

Email: depuev@izmiran.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow, Troitsk

A. H. Depueva

Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere, and Radio Wave Propagation, Russian Academy of Sciences (IZMIRAN)

Email: depuev@izmiran.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow, Troitsk

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2. Fig. 1. Dependences of the mean xave shift of the F2 layer maximum concentration on the inclined (TD) or eccentric (ED) dipole or corrected geomagnetic (CGM) latitudes at equinoxes for daytime (11-13 LT) and nighttime (23-01 LT) hours at elevated geomagnetic activity from the data in Table 1 (dots). Regression equations (7) from these data (solid lines), certainty coefficients R2 and standard deviations σ for these equations.

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3. Fig. 2. Dependences of the mean xave shift of the maximum concentration of the F2 layer on the inclined (TD) or eccentric (ED) dipole or corrected geomagnetic (CGM) latitudes in summer for daytime (11-13 LT) and nighttime (23-01 LT) hours at elevated geomagnetic activity from data of ionospheric stations whose coordinates are given in Table 1 (points). Regression equations (7) from these data (solid lines), certainty coefficients R2 and standard deviations σ for these equations.

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4. Fig. 3. Dependences of the mean xave shift of the maximum concentration of the F2 layer on the latitudes of the inclined (TD) or eccentric (ED) dipole or corrected geomagnetic (CGM) latitudes in winter for the daytime (11-13 LT) and nighttime (23-01 LT) hours at elevated geomagnetic activity from data of ionospheric stations whose coordinates are given in Table 1 (points). Regression equations (7) from these data (solid lines), certainty coefficients R2 and standard deviations σ for these equations.

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