The Height-Age Structure of Picea Abies Undergrowth in a Middle Taiga Spruce Forest: the Microsite Influence

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We analysed the height-age structure of spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst) undergrowth in three forest canopy areas (canopy gap; crown edge; canopy) and five microsite types (undisturbed forest litter; microelevations unrelated to xylolytic substrate (XS); microelevations formed by XS; microhabitats generated by visually indiscernible, “hidden” part of XS; XS impact zone) in three old-growth middle taiga spruce forests. The P. abies undergrowth reaches the height of 50 cm at the age of 19—24 years. The forest growth conditions, canopy and microsite influence the young P. abies trees that are taller than 50 cm. The P. abies undergrowth reaches the height of 100 cm at the age of 28—36 years, 150 cm — at 31—39 years. An exponential model best describes the changes in the P. abies undergrowth abundance with age. In five microsite types, 18—26% of the undergrowth reaches the height category of 51—100 cm (compared to the amount of small (< 50 cm) undergrowth). As for the height category of 101—150 cm, it’s reached by only about 6—8% of young P. abies trees in the bilberry spruce forest, 10—23% — in the oxalis-bilberry spruce forest with Betula pendula and Populus tremula, and 5—25% — in the oxalis-bilberry spruce forest with the co-dominance of Pinus sylvestris. Only 3% of the P. abies undergrowth from the microsites formed by the XS in the bilberry spruce forest reaches the height category of 151—200 cm. In the spruce stand with the participation of deciduous species in all microsite types (except the “hidden” parts of XS), only 6% of the P. abies undergrowth reaches this height category. Similarly, in the pine-spruce stand, 6% of the P. abies undergrowth reaches this height category, but only on microelevations formed by XS and in the XS impact zone. The results indicate that the mortality rate of the P. abies understory with a height more than 50 cm is generally comparable in all microsite types (including those formed by XS).

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Sobre autores

A. Kikeeva

Forest Research Institute of the KarRC RAS

Autor responsável pela correspondência
Email: avkikeeva@mail.ru
Rússia, Pushkinskaya str., 11, Petrozavodsk, 185910

I. Romashkin

Forest Research Institute of the KarRC RAS

Email: avkikeeva@mail.ru
Rússia, Pushkinskaya str., 11, Petrozavodsk, 185910

A. Kryshen

Forest Research Institute of the KarRC RAS

Email: avkikeeva@mail.ru
Rússia, Pushkinskaya str., 11, Petrozavodsk, 185910

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2. Fig. 1. The height of European spruce undergrowth in the age range from 1 year to 39 years in three spruce forests: 1 — blueberry spruce, 2 — sour-blueberry spruce with a high proportion of hardwood, 3 — sour-blueberry spruce with sodomination of common pine. On the abscissa axis, the age range of the undergrowth is from 1 year to 39 years; on the ordinate axis, the average height is cm.

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3. Fig. 2. Growth curves of European spruce undergrowth in different canopy projection zones (A) (inter-crown, crown edge, crane) and types of microclimate (B) (RU, M, MKS, SCS, VKS) in three spruce forests. On the abscissa axis are the three—year-old age groups; on the ordinate axis is the average height of the undergrowth, the dimension is cm; the error of the average value is indicated on the points of the growth curves.

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4. Fig. 3. The change in the amount of European spruce undergrowth with increasing age in different zones of the canopy projection of the parent stand (inter-crown zone, crown edge, subcrown zone) in three spruce forests. The three—year age groups of undergrowth (1-3, 4-6...49-51) are postponed along the abscissa axis; the values of the number of undergrowth are postponed along the ordinate axis.

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5. Fig. 4. The change in the number of European spruce undergrowth with increasing age in different types of microhabitats (RU, M, ISS, VKS) in three spruce forests. The three—year age groups of undergrowth (1-3, 4-6...49-51) are postponed along the abscissa axis; the values of the number of undergrowth are postponed along the main ordinate axis.

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