Phylogenetic structure of bacterioplankton in water bodies of the Kuibyshev Reservoir basin during the period of mass development of cyanobacteria

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Abstract

The phylogenetic structure of the bacterioplankton of the Usa Bay and the adjacent aquatory of the Kuibyshev Reservoir, as well as three hydrologically connected urban lakes of the Kaban system (Kazan), was analyzed using the results of high-throughput sequencing of the V3‒V4 hypervariable region of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. In the studied water objects, mass cyanobacterial development was observed, dominated by members of the Aphanizomenon / Dolichospermum and Cyanobium phylogenetic lines and the genus Planktothrix. Alpha- and betaproteobacteria dominated in the heterotrophic bacterioplankton of all stations. A significant proportion of its composition was made up of mixotrophic bacteria with the rhodopsin type of photosynthesis (for example, Ca. Fonsibacter, Ca. Nanopelagicus, Ca. Planctophila). A characteristic feature of the studied samples is a high proportion of bacteria of PVC superphylum, especially Planctomycetota. An assessment was made of the dependence of the composition and structure of bacterioplankton on the composition of the dominant cyanobacterial complexes, and groups of heterotrophic bacteria associated with various cyanobacteria were identified. The most numerous group is formed around Aphanizomenon ‒ Dolichospermum ‒ Microcystis and mainly consists of bacteria that are part of the phycosphere of colonial cyanobacteria, as well as representatives of the PVC superphylum. Two small groups are formed around Limnothrix redekei and Cyanobium rubescens and consist of typical planktonic bacteria, belonging mainly to the order Flavobacteriales and the family Nanopelagicaceae.

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About the authors

M. V. Umanskaya

Samara Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: mvumansk67@gmail.com

Institute of Ecology of the Volga Basin of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Russian Federation, Togliatti, 445003

M. Yu. Gorbunov

Samara Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: mvumansk67@gmail.com

Institute of Ecology of the Volga Basin of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Russian Federation, Togliatti, 445003

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Taxonomic structure of individual samples: a – proportion of the number of detected OTUs belonging to different phyla; b – proportion of sequences belonging to different phyla.

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3. Fig. 2. Cluster analysis of differences in the structure of bacterial communities of the studied samples using the UPGA method; a ‒ Bray-Curtis difference measures between the vectors of OTU abundance proportions; b ‒ Hellinger distances.

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4. Fig. 3. Structure of the main cyanobacterial OTUs in the studied samples. “Other” are OTUs that did not reach 1% of the total number of cyanobacteria in any of the samples.

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5. Fig. 4. Taxonomic structure of heterotrophic bacterioplankton in individual samples at the class level: the proportion of sequences belonging to different taxa.

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6. Fig. 5. Results of two-way cluster analysis of dominant heterotrophic bacterial OTUs by abundance proportion using chord distance as a similarity measure. On the right is the consensus taxonomic affiliation of OTUs based on the ARB-Silva and GTDB databases. Three-letter designations of phyla/classes: ACI – Acidobacteria; ACT – Actinobacteria; BAC – Bacteroidota; BDE – Bdellovibrionota = Oligoflexota; CFL – Chloroflexota; KAP – Kapabacterota; PAT – Patescibacteria; PLA – Planctomycetota; a-, b-, and g-PRO – Proteobacteria; VAM – Vampirovibryonota; VER – Verrucomicrobiota.

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7. Fig. 6. Non-metric scaling of dominant OTUs by Bray-Curtis dissimilarity values. Dark gray ovals show visually distinguishable OTU groupings.

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