The role of carbon dioxide in the regulation of bacterial adaptive proliferation

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Abstract

The adaptive proliferation of bacteria or cell division in the absence of an exogenous organic substrate is controlled by density-dependent mechanisms with the participation of AHL- and AI-2-dependent quorum sensing systems. Along with the signaling molecules of these bacterial communication systems, bacterial metabolites that are permanently released during microbial metabolism, for example, CO2, can also participate in regulation and can serve as biomarkers of cell density. It has been established that carbon dioxide is necessary for the adaptive proliferation launch, and the increased content of atmospheric CO2 causes a premature stop to this process. Thus, CO2 is able to regulate the adaptive reactions of bacteria, including, probably, being one of the signals involved in the initiation and termination of the process of adaptive proliferation. It has been shown that CO2 in the form of the bicarbonate ion HCO3- can activate the cAMP-dependent signaling cascade and is also included in the bacterial cell mass.

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About the authors

O. E. Petrova

Federal Research Center KazSC RAS

Email: poe60@mail.ru

Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics

Russian Federation, 420111, Kazan

O. I. Parfirova

Federal Research Center KazSC RAS

Email: poe60@mail.ru

Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics

Russian Federation, 420111, Kazan

V. N. Vorob’ev

Federal Research Center KazSC RAS; Kazan Federal University

Email: poe60@mail.ru

Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology

Russian Federation, 420111, Kazan; 420008, Kazan

V. Yu. Gorshkov

Federal Research Center KazSC RAS; Kazan Federal University

Author for correspondence.
Email: poe60@mail.ru

Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology

Russian Federation, 420111, Kazan; 420008, Kazan

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2. Fig. 1. Dynamics of CFU numbers in P. atrosepticum SCRI1043 cultures grown on LB medium (black lines) or cultured on carbon-free AB medium (gray lines) in the presence of atmospheric CO2 (squares) or in its absence (triangles).

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3. Fig. 2. Dynamics of the CFU number in P. atrosepticum SCRI1043 cultures growing on LB nutrient medium (a) or cultivated on carbon-free AB medium (b) in the presence of different concentrations of CO2: 1 – atm CO2; 2 – 5% CO2; 3 – 10% CO2; 4 – 20% CO2.

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4. Fig. 3. Expression of carbonic anhydrase (a) and adenylate cyclase (b) genes in P. atrosepticum SCRI1043 grown on LB medium (black bars) or cultured on carbon-free AB medium (gray bars) in the presence of atmospheric CO2. The expression level of the target genes was determined relative to the normalizing factor calculated for the housekeeping genes ffh, tuf, recA of P. atrosepticum. The values ​​presented are the average values ​​of five biological replicates. Asterisks (*) indicate significant differences (two-tailed Mann‒Whitney test, p < 0.05) between the variants marked in brackets.

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