Microalgae from eroded soils in the northern Fergana valley, Uzbekistan

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Abstract

For the first time, the cultivated diversity of microalgae in eroded soils in the northern part of the Fergana Valley in Uzbekistan has been studied based on both morphological and molecular genetic analysis. Ten strains of green microalgae (Chlorophyta) and one Charophyta strain were revealed. Only seven strains could be identified at the species level: Chlorella vulgaris, Chromochloris zofingiensis, Deuterostichococcus epilithicus, Pseudomuriella schumacherensis, and Pseudostichococcus monallantoides. Another four strains were identified only at the genus level and require further study: Bracteacoccus sp., Chlorosarcinopsis sp., Klebsormidium sp., and Tetratostichococcus sp. The low species diversity in the microalgae is likely due to both the low fertility of the eroded soils on the slopes, and the limitations of the culture-based approach that only reveals a fraction of the overall microbial diversity. Microalgal colonization of eroded soils in the arid foothill zone can be facilitated by various adaptations, such as small cell size and the production of extracellular polysaccharides, mycosporine-like aminoacids, and secondary carotenoids. The present work may contribute to the further development of highly functional microalgae-based consortia, which can lead to improvements and sustainable development of low-productivity, arid, and degraded terrestrial ecosystems.

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About the authors

Yu. А. Tukhtaboeva

Namangan State University

Email: temraleeva.anna@gmail.com
Uzbekistan, Namangan

Е. S. Krivina

Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: temraleeva.anna@gmail.com

All-Russian Collection of Microorganisms (VKM), Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms

Russian Federation, Pushchino

V. V. Red’kina

Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: temraleeva.anna@gmail.com

All-Russian Collection of Microorganisms (VKM), Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms

Russian Federation, Pushchino

А. D. Temraleeva

Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: temraleeva.anna@gmail.com

All-Russian Collection of Microorganisms (VKM), Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms

Russian Federation, Pushchino

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2. Fig. 1. Photographs of the sampling sites for soil and algological samples and a map of the study areas of eroded soils in the northern part of the Fergana Valley indicating the sampling points.

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3. Fig. 2. Photographs of microalgae strains isolated from eroded soils of the Fergana Valley: a – Klebsormidium sp. ACSSI 436; b – Chlorosarcinopsis sp. ACSSI 445, the inset shows zoospores, the arrow points to the mucus; c – Tetratostichococcus sp. ACSSI 446; d – Chlorella vulgaris ACSSI 441; d – Pseudostichococcus monallantoides ACSSI 438, arrows point to oil droplets; f ‒ P. monallantoides ACSSI 439; g – Chromochloris zofingiensis ACSSI 437; h – Pseudomuriella schumacherensis ACSSI 444; i – Deuterostichococcus epilithicus ACSSI 440; k – Bracteacoccus sp. ACSSI 443. Scale mark ‒ 10 µm.

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4. Fig. 3. Rooted phylogenetic tree of charophyte microalgae of the genus Klebsormidium constructed by the Bayesian method based on the sequences of the plastid gene rbcL (1255 nt). SH-aLRT/BP/PP values ​​are given as statistical support for tree nodes. SH-aLRT and BP values ​​less than 70% and PP less than 0.7 are not given. Nucleotide substitution model: TIM2 + F + I + G4. Designations: * ‒ authentic strains; (T) – type species.

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5. Fig. 4. Rooted phylogenetic tree of the studied green microalgae of the genus Chlorosarcinopsis, constructed by the Bayesian method based on the sequences of the internal transcribed spacer ITS2 (284 nt). SH-aLRT/BP/PP values ​​are indicated as statistical support for tree nodes. SH-aLRT and BP values ​​less than 70% and PP less than 0.7 are not indicated. Nucleotide substitution model: TIM2e + G4. Designations: * ‒ authentic strains.

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6. Fig. 5. Rooted phylogenetic tree of green microalgae Stichococcus-clade constructed by the Bayesian method based on the sequences of the internal transcribed spacer ITS2 (375 nt). SH-aLRT/BP/PP values ​​are given as statistical support for tree nodes. SH-aLRT and BP values ​​less than 70% and PP less than 0.7 are not given. Nucleotide substitution model: HKY + F+ G4. Designations: * ‒ authentic strains; (T) – type species.

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7. Fig. 6. Rooted phylogenetic tree of green microalgae of the Chlorella clade constructed by the Bayesian method based on the sequences of the internal transcribed spacer ITS2 (287 nt). SH-aLRT/BP/PP values ​​are given as statistical support for tree nodes. SH-aLRT and BP values ​​less than 70% and PP less than 0.7 are not given. Nucleotide substitution model: TIM2 + F + I + G4. Designations: * ‒ authentic strains; (T) – type species.

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8. Fig. 7. Rooted phylogenetic trees of green microalgae of the genera Chromochloris (a) and Pseudomuriella (b) constructed by the Bayesian method based on the sequences of the internal transcribed spacer ITS2 (321 and 280 nt, respectively). SH-aLRT/BP/PP values ​​are given as statistical support for tree nodes. SH-aLRT and BP values ​​less than 70% and PP less than 0.7 are not given. The nucleotide substitution model is TIM2 + G4 and TNe + G4, respectively. Designations: * ‒ authentic strains; (T) – type species.

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9. Fig. 8. Rooted phylogenetic tree of green microalgae of the genus Bracteacoccus constructed by the Bayesian method based on the sequences of the internal transcribed spacer ITS2 (347 nt). SH-aLRT/BP/PP values ​​are given as statistical support for tree nodes. SH-aLRT and BP values ​​less than 70% and PP less than 0.7 are not given. Nucleotide substitution model: GTR + F + G4. Designations: * ‒ authentic strains; (T) – type species.

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