The Source of Thermophilic Bacteria in Lake Baikal Cold Sediments – Coastal Hydrotherms or Deep Fluids?

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Abstract

The sources of thermophilic bacteria revealed in cold Lake Baikal sediments are considered. Comparative analysis of the taxonomic position of thermophilic microorganisms from four terrestrial hot springs at Lake Baikal coast and from the bottom sediments associated with hydrocarbon discharge was carried out. The sequences of thermophilic microorganisms with the same taxonomic position were revealed both in the hot springs and bottom sediments. Some microbial species occurred only in the hydrotherm samples or only in those from the sediments. Gas-saturated fluids from the hydrocarbon generation zone at the depth of 4‒6 km are the most probable source of thermophilic microorganisms in the bottom sediments.

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About the authors

O. N. Pavlova

Limnological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: pavlova@lin.irk.ru
Russian Federation, Irkutsk

S. M. Chernitsyna

Limnological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: pavlova@lin.irk.ru
Russian Federation, Irkutsk

S. V. Bukin

Limnological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: pavlova@lin.irk.ru
Russian Federation, Irkutsk

A. V. Lomakina

Limnological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: pavlova@lin.irk.ru
Russian Federation, Irkutsk

O. V. Shubenkova

Limnological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: pavlova@lin.irk.ru
Russian Federation, Irkutsk

D. K. Smirnova

Limnological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: pavlova@lin.irk.ru
Russian Federation, Irkutsk

T. I. Zemskaya

Limnological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: pavlova@lin.irk.ru
Russian Federation, Irkutsk

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2. Fig. 1. Relative proportion of bacterial 16S rRNA gene fragment sequences represented at the phylum (a) and genus (b) levels in hot spring libraries. Taxa representing >1% in each library are listed. Data on the composition of microbial communities of the Zmeiniy hot spring (Chernitsyna et al., 2023) are given for comparison

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3. Fig. 2. Heat map of thermophilic bacteria sequence distribution at the genus level in 16S rRNA gene fragment libraries of microbial communities of hot spring water and bottom sediments of Lake Baikal. Data on the relative abundance of OTUs were normalised by unification with zero-min [(x-min)/range]. Sequences detected only in hot springs are highlighted in red; only in bottom sediments - in blue; in both bottom sediments and hot springs - in black

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