Технологии получения низкоуглеродных авиационных топлив из биосырья и углекислого газа (обзор)

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Abstract

Обобщена информации о технологиях получения экологически безопасного авиационного топлива из биосырья и СО2. Представлены основные маршруты переработки биосырья различного происхождения и информация об уровне технологического развития соответствующих технологий. Подчеркивается, что наиболее высоким уровнем развития характеризуются технологии переработки триглицеридов жирных кислот, выделяемых из масложирового сырья. Представлены также ключевые особенности предлагаемых схемных решений для переработки СО2 в авиационные топлива. Показано, что наиболее энергозатратной является стадия выделения СО2 из воздуха. Приведены сведения об экологических и экономических аспектах отдельных технологий. На основе опубликованных данных определены наиболее затратные стадии процессов: для биотехнологий основные капитальные затраты связаны с первой стадией конверсии биосырья, а для технологий получения авиатоплив из СО2 – с получением водорода.

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About the authors

Мария Владимировна Магомедова

Институт нефтехимического синтеза им. А.В. Топчиева; Институт тонких химических технологий им. М.В. Ломоносова (РТУ МИРЭА)

Author for correspondence.
Email: podlesnaya@ips.ac.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1008-1580

к.т.н.

Russian Federation, Москва, 119991; Москва, 119454

Екатерина Геннадьевна Галанова

Институт нефтехимического синтеза им. А.В. Топчиева

Email: podlesnaya@ips.ac.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4570-0548

к.х.н.

Russian Federation, Москва, 119991

Александр Андреевич Порсин

Институт нефтехимического синтеза им. А.В. Топчиева

Email: podlesnaya@ips.ac.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6393-1134

к.х.н.

Russian Federation, Москва, 119991

Владимир Александрович Лаврентьев

Институт нефтехимического синтеза им. А.В. Топчиева

Email: podlesnaya@ips.ac.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4394-6950

к.т.н.

Russian Federation, Москва, 119991

Вадим Олегович Самойлов

Институт нефтехимического синтеза им. А.В. Топчиева

Email: podlesnaya@ips.ac.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2455-8765

к.х.н.

Russian Federation, Москва, 119991

Антон Львович Максимов

Институт нефтехимического синтеза им. А.В. Топчиева

Email: podlesnaya@ips.ac.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9297-4950

д.х.н., чл.-корр. РАН

Russian Federation, Москва, 119991

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Forecast of global demand for aviation fuel.

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3. Fig. 2. General scheme of processing biomass of various origins.

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4. Fig. 3. Hydrocarbon content in Jet A-1 fuel and fuel obtained by hydroprocessing of Camelina camelina oil.

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5. Fig. 4. The influence of biofuel content on the relative change in the properties of aviation fuel: a) calorific value; b) freezing point (cloud point); c) viscosity; d) density [5].

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6. Fig. 5. Schematic diagrams of Ecofining™ and UOP Renewable Jet Process™ technologies.

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7. Fig. 6. Scheme of catalytic thermolysis of vegetable oil using Biofuels Iso-Conversion technology.

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8. Fig. 7. Schematic diagram of the Bioliq pilot plant based on Carbo-V technology for biomass gasification.

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9. Fig. 8. Scheme of biomass conversion into aviation fuel using BioTfuels technology.

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10. Fig. 9. Scheme of technology for obtaining aviation fuel from sugar cane (BiofeneTM).

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11. Fig. 10. Scheme of biomass conversion into aviation fuel using BioForming technology from Virent.

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12. Fig. 11. Synthesis of ethanol, isopropanol and butanols from biomass by enzymatic fermentation.

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13. Fig. 12. Technology for capturing CO2 from the air, Carbon Engineering.

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14. Fig. 13. Operating (a) and capital (b) costs for technologies for producing fuels from bio-raw materials [47].

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15. Fig. 14. Cost of aviation fuel obtained from various raw materials and using various energy sources [48].

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