Основные свойства, способы получения и направления применения пористых керамических материалов

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Abstract

В настоящей статье подробно рассмотрена современная классификация пористых керамических материалов, а также приведены описания различных подходов к их изготовлению и практическому применению. Проиллюстрированы перспективные пути научного и технологического развития для решения поставленных задач. Обзор предназначен для широкого круга специалистов, работающих в области материаловедения, мембранного разделения и гетерогенного катализа.

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About the authors

А. С. Федотов

Институт нефтехимического синтеза им. А.В. Топчиева РАН

Author for correspondence.
Email: alexey.fedotov@ips.ac.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8550-7921

д.х.н.

Russian Federation, Москва, 119991

Данил Юрьевич Грачев

Институт нефтехимического синтеза им. А.В. Топчиева РАН

Email: alexey.fedotov@ips.ac.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4548-6051

асп.

Russian Federation, Москва, 119991

Роман Дмитриевич Капустин

Институт структурной макрокинетики и проблем материаловедения РАН

Email: alexey.fedotov@ips.ac.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8932-7709

к.т.н.

Russian Federation, Черноголовка Московской обл., 142432

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. The main advantages and basic properties of porous ceramic materials.

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3. Fig. 2. Classification of porous ceramic materials by pore size, areas of application and production methods.

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4. Fig. 3. Schematic representation of the process of formation of porous ceramic material using a pore-forming agent.

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5. Fig. 4. Microstructure of porous ceramic materials obtained by freeze drying.

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6. Fig. 5. Stages of obtaining porous ceramic materials using the foam impregnation method.

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7. Fig. 6. Morphology of porous silicon ceramic material with different pore diameters and porosity: (a) 5.7 mm / 78 vol.%; (b) 5.3 mm / 77.8 vol.%; (c) 4.4 mm / 77.3 vol.%; (d) 3.2 mm / 76.2 vol.%; (d) 2.4 mm / 74.9 vol.%; (e) 2.2 mm / 74.6 vol.%.

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8. Fig. 7. Photomicrographs of a porous ceramic material based on Al2O3: (a) structure of the material; (b) interpore partition; (c) pore wall; as well as a demonstration of its properties: (d) good water permeability; (d) different buoyancy in ethanol (floats) and without an outer silicone layer (sinks).

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9. Fig. 8. Schematic representation of the sol-gel method.

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10. Fig. 9. Schematic representation of the method of impregnating porous blanks with gel.

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11. Fig. 10. Schematic representation: (a) the process of manufacturing porous ceramic materials by the hollow sphere method; (b) SEM image of the compact; (c) SEM image of the finished porous ceramic material.

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12. Fig. 11. SEM image of hollow spherical silica (a) and fly ash (b).

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13. Fig. 12. Stages of formation of porous material in the process of sintering granulated particles of the charge.

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14. Fig. 13. Topology of extruded and sintered ceramic (a) and fechral (b) honeycombs.

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15. Fig. 14. Data on porosity (marked in color) and pore size distribution (arrows) in porous ceramic materials for different manufacturing technologies and application areas.

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16. Fig. 15. Scheme of cation exchange.

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17. Fig. 16. Selectivity of lithium ions through glass-ceramic membrane particles.

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18. Fig. 17. Catalytic centers distributed over the surface of the carrier.

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19. Fig. 18. Catalytic ozonizing ceramic membrane for water purification.

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20. Fig. 19. Comparison of pollutant decomposition processes using a catalyst dispersed in feed water and a catalyst immobilized on a ceramic hollow fiber membrane.

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21. Fig. 20. Mechanism of catalytic oxidation of toluene.

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22. Fig. 21. Operation diagram of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC).

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23. Fig. 22. Purification of water contaminated with oil using kaolin hollow fiber membranes.

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24. Fig. 23. Mechanism of E. coli removal on Fe/TiO2 functionalized porous ceramic membrane.

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25. Fig. 24. Filtration of bovine serum albumin on a hollow fiber porous membrane.

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26. Fig. 25. Various structures with coordination numbers 4, 6, 8 and 12 respectively, manufactured by 3D printing.

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27. Fig. 26. 3D printed structures with rotation angles of (a) 0°, (b) 30° and (c) 45°.

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