The Early Triassic Ammonoids of the Genus Churkites Okuneva, 1990: New findings in South Primorye and Phylogenetic Reconstructions

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Abstract

Data on the distribution of early Olenekian ammonoids of the genus Churkites (family Arctoceratidae Arthaber, 1911) from a new locality in South Primorye (Artyomovka River basin, Shtykovskiye Prudy) are given. The new species of Churkites (Ch. ungunensis sp. nov. and Ch. subungunensis sp. nov.) are described on the basis of material from the lower Olenekian zones of the Khabarovsk region (T.M. Okuneva’s collection) and South Primorye. The type species of the genus Churkites (Ch. egregius Zharnikova et Okuneva, 1990) is described in a different volume than previously proposed. It is proposed to distinguish three phylogenetic lineages within the genera Arctoceras (A. tuberculatum) and Churkites (six species): (I) Arctoceras tuberculatum – Churkites noblei – Ch. egregius, (II) Ch. egregius – Ch. syaskoi и (III) Ch. syaskoi – Ch. subungunensis – Ch. ungunensis.

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About the authors

Y. D. Zakharov

Far Eastern Geological Institute, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: yurizakh@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Vladivostok, 690022

I. V. Borisov

Far Eastern State Institute of Arts

Email: arhiment@yandex.ru
Russian Federation, Vladivostok, 690017

O. P. Smyshlyaeva

Far Eastern Geological Institute, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: olgasmysh@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Vladivostok, 690022

L. G. Bondarenko

Far Eastern Geological Institute, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: li_bond@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Vladivostok, 690022

A. M. Popov

Far Eastern Geological Institute, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: popov_alexander@list.ru
Russian Federation, Vladivostok, 690022

References

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2. Fig. 1. Location of Churkites finds in Lower Triassic deposits of the Russian Far East: a – find areas in Khabarovsk Krai (1) and Southern Primorye (2); b – Churkites locations in Southern Primorye (1 – Shtykovskiye Prudy, 2 – Artemovka River basin (? Artemovskoye Reservoir), 3 – Kamenushka-2, 4 – Zapadnyy SMID, 5 – Tri Kamnya, 6 – Smolyaninovo).

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3. Fig. 2. Distribution of Churkites in the Lower Triassic sections of Southern Primorye. Abbreviations: Anisian – Anisian; Verkhn. – Upper; Dienerian; Gyr. sub. – Gyronites subdharmus; Mesoheden. bosph. – Mesohedenstroemia bosphorensis; Anasib. nev. – Anasibirites nevolini; Shiman. sh. – Shimanskyites shimanskyi; Tirol. sub. – Tirolites subcassianus; Neo. i. – Neocolumbites insignis; Sub. m. – Subfengshanites multiformis; Us. a. – Ussuriphyllites amurensis; L. p. – Leiophyllites pradyumna; U. ab. – Ussuriflemingites abrekensis; Euflem. pryn. – Euflemingites prynadai; B. d. – Bajarunia dagysi; T. u. – Tirolites ussuriense; Pr. p. – Prohungarites sp. – Paranorellina parisi; Lazur. – Lazurninskaya; present research – current research; Shtyk. Ponds – Shtykovsky Ponds; * – based on: Zakharov, Moussavi Abnavi, 2013; Zakharov et al., 2016; Popov et al., 2019; Zakharov et al., 2021.

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4. Fig. 3. Section of Shtykovskiye Prudy: a – plan of the Shtykovskiye Prudy quarry; b – stratigraphic distribution of ammonoids, including Churkites, and conodonts in the section.

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5. Fig. 4. Some ammonoids from the Upper Smithian Shimanskyites shimanskyi Zone of the Shtykovskiye Prudy section of Southern Primorye: a–c – fragments of Churkites cf. syaskoi shells: a – specimen DVGI, No. 101/853, side view; b – specimen DVGI, No. 102/853, cross-sectional shape of the shell; c – specimen DVGI, No. 103/853, sculpture of the lateral side of the shell; g – Prionites markevichi, specimen DVGI, No. 104/853, side view; d – Shimanskyites shimanskyi, specimen DVGI, No. 105/853, side view; e, g – Glyptophiceras cf. sinuatum, specimen. DVGI, No. 108/853: e – side view; g – blade line at B = 4 mm.

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6. Fig. 5. Sutures of some Early Olenekian arctoceratids of the Paleopacific: a – Churkites ungunensis sp. nov., holotype TsNIGR Museum, No. 1/12605 at B = 37 mm, Ungun, Upper Smithian conodont zone Scythogondolella milleri; b – Ch. syaskoi Zakharov et Shigeta, holotype DVGI, No. 1/830 at B = 71 mm, Smolyaninovo, Upper Smithian layers with Churkites syaskoi; c – Ch. cf. syaskoi, specimen DVGI, No. 101/853 at B = 72 mm, Shtykovskie Prudy, Upper Smithian Shimanskyites shimanskyi Zone; d – Ch. subungunensis sp. nov., holotype DVGI, no. 110/853 at B = 31.5 mm, Western SMID, upper Smithian Anasibirites nevolini Zone; d – Ch. egregius Zharnikova et Okuneva, specimen TsNIGR Museum, no. 1/10379 at B = 76 mm, Artemovka River basin, Olenekian Stage; f – Ch. noblei Jenks, paratype USA, no. P-55142 at B = 64 mm, Crittenden Springs, Nevada, middle Smithian Meekoceras gracilitatis Zone; g – Arctoceras tuberculatum (Smith), specimen USA, no. 2261C-1 at B = 53 mm, Crittenden Springs, Nevada, lower part of the Smithian Substage of the Olenekian Stage. The scale bar is 20 mm long.

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7. Fig. 6. Proposed phylogenetic relationships of ammonoids of the genus Churkites. Abbreviations: Geochron. scale – geochronological scale; lower part – lower part; M. millar. – Meekoceras millardense; M. aff. ol. – Meekoceras aff. oliveri; A. rubyae – Arctoceras rubyae; M. gracil. – Meekoceras gracilitatis; O. k. – Owenites koeneni; A. w. – Aspenites weitschati; G. l. – Galfettites lucasi; Pr. t. – Preflorianites toulai; Cr. j. –Crittendenites jattioti. Key: 1 – Arctoceras tuberculatum; 2 – Churkites noblei; 3 – Ch. warei; 4 – Ch. egregius; 5 – Ch. syaskoi; 6 – Ch. cf. syaskoi; 7 – Ch. subungunensis sp. nov.; 8 – Ch. ungunensis; * – according to Zakharov et al., 2016. Length of scale bar is 20 cm.

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8. Fig. 7. Churkites egregius Zharnikova et Okuneva, holotype TsNIGR Museum, No. 1/10379: a – side view (articulated fragments of the body chamber and phragmocone), b – cross-section of the shell whorls, c – side view (phragmocone fragment); d – ventral side (phragmocone fragment); Artemovka River basin; Olenekian Stage.

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9. Fig. 8. Churkites ungunensis sp. nov., holotype TsNIGR Museum, No. 1/12605: a – side view, b – ventral side; Khabarovsk Krai, Bol'shiye Churki Ridge, southwestern spurs, quarry located 5.5 km southwest of the settlement of Ungun; Lower Triassic, Olenekian Stage, Smithian Substage, Upper Smithian Scythogondolella milleri conodont zone, unit of thin interbedded light-gray sandstones and greenish siltstones.

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10. Tabl. III

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