Jumps in the solar wind dynamic pressure and occurrence of intense geomagnetically induced currents

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Abstract

The occurrence of geomagnetically induced currents (GIC) in the Northwest part of Russia associated with jumps in the solar wind dynamic pressure is investigated. Based on the data from the IMAGE and SuperMAG magnetometer networks, as well as the OMNI database, a detailed analysis of the complex space weather event of November 3-4, 2021 was carried out: phenomena in the solar wind, geomagnetic activity, which are compared with the occurrence of intense GICs. Direct measurements of the GIC in the neutral line of the transformers located on the Karelian-Kola power transmission line (Vykhodnoy, Louhi, Kondopoga) and on the natural gas pipeline nearM¨аnts¨аl¨а (South of Finland) are used. The complex space weather event was divided into three cases observed in the midnight, morning and daytime sectors. Each case was associated with the jump in the solar wind dynamic pressure (∼ 20-30 nPa). It is shown that in the midnight and morning sectors the cause of the GIC excitation was the intensification and expansion of the substorm westward electrojet; in the daytime and early evening sectors - sharp intensifications of the eastward electrojet, which were associated with the development of supersubstorms and intense substorms on the night side. In the morning and daytimeMLT sectors, during the recovery phase of substorms and after them, Pi3 pulsations were observed, which also caused GIС, but their values did not exceed the threshold values.

About the authors

I. V Despirak

Polar Geophysical Institute

Email: despirak@gmail.com
Apatity, Russia

P. V Setsko

Polar Geophysical Institute

Apatity, Russia

A. A Lubchich

Polar Geophysical Institute

Apatity, Russia

Ya. A Sakharov

Polar Geophysical Institute

Apatity, Russia

V. N Selivanov

Northern Energetic Research Centre, Kola Science Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Apatity, Russia

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