Iowaite from the Udachnaya kimberlite pipe (Yakutia): crystal chemistry and post-crystallization transformations

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Abstract

An unusual variety of iowaite, characterized by an anomalously low content of divalent cations: (Mg+Fe2+)/Fe3+ ~2.75:1, was identified as part of the late hydrothermal mineral association in the Udachnaya kimberlite pipe (Yakutia). Its crystal structure was studied on a single crystal: polytype 3R, sp. gr. R3 ̅m, a = 3.1213(3), c = 23.621(4) Å, V = 199.30(5) Å3; R1 = 0.027. In some crystals, zoning has been revealed, indicating natural anion exchange with the main reactions 2Cl– → SO42– and 2Cl– → 2SO42– + Ca2+. This is the first reliably recorded case of natural anion exchange in minerals of the hydrotalcite supergroup. The anion exchange reaction occurs with an increase in the interlayer distance from 8.0 to 11.2 Å. The composition and character of zoning of the studied crystals provides information about the evolution of the chemistry of late low-temperature processes.

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About the authors

E. S. Zhitova

Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: zhitova_es@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky

D. S. Mikhailenko

Institute of Geology and Geochemistry, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: zhitova_es@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Ekaterinburg

I. V. Pekov

Moscow State University

Email: zhitova_es@mail.ru

Corresponding Member of the RAS, Faculty of Geology

Russian Federation, Moscow

A. V. Korsakov

Institute of Geology and Mineralogy

Email: zhitova_es@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Novosibirsk

A. A. Zolotarev

Institute of Geology and Mineralogy

Email: zhitova_es@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Novosibirsk

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Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
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2. Fig. 1. A crystal of green iowaite growing into a large gypsum crystal (an opened cavity in kimberlite, Udachnaya pipe).

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3. Fig. 2. Crystals of the hydrotalcite supergroup minerals studied in this work from the Udachnaya kimberlite pipe. Sample 6184 is iowaite, homogeneous in composition and properties, and in sample 6187 the color zoning of the crystals, corresponding to chemically dissimilar minerals, is clearly visible (see text).

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4. Fig. 3. Scanning electron microscope image of a zonal crystal from sample 6187 in reflected electrons and maps of the distribution of individual elements (in their characteristic X-ray radiation) in this crystal.

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5. Fig. 4. Raman spectra of minerals of the hydrotalcite supergroup from the Udachnaya kimberlite pipe: (a) iowaite, sample 6184; (b) polyphase sample 6187.

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6. Fig. 5. Powder X-ray diffraction patterns of hydrotalcite supergroup minerals from the Udachnaya kimberlite pipe: (a, b) different crystals from sample 6187; (c) homogeneous iowaite, sample 6184.

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7. Supplement
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