Ионные жидкости для смазочных материалов: обзор современного состояния

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Abstract

Статья посвящена возможностям использования ионных жидкостей (ИЖ) различного строения в качестве смазочных материалов или функциональных присадок к ним. ИЖ — расплавы солей, в которых анионы и катионы находятся в равновесном состоянии — благодаря своим свойствам получили широкое распространение в таких областях, как биотехнология, энергетика и “зеленая” химия. В обзоре описаны физико-химические свойства ИЖ, способы и методы их получения и применения, рассмотрен механизм их действия, вопросы взаимодействия с другими присадками к смазочным материалам, стоимость, а также будущие возможности развития. Как результат, показаны варианты применения ионных жидкостей в качестве перспективных противоизносных присадок к смазочным материалам.

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About the authors

Никита Александрович Семенов

Российский государственный университет нефти и газа (НИУ) имени И. М. Губкина

Email: peskovets.a@gubkin.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0003-7078-4779
Russian Federation, 119991, Москва

Анна Витальевна Песковец

Российский государственный университет нефти и газа (НИУ) имени И. М. Губкина

Author for correspondence.
Email: peskovets.a@gubkin.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0005-2191-392X

к. т. н.

Russian Federation, 119991, Москва

Николай Алексеевич Пугачев

Российский государственный университет нефти и газа (НИУ) имени И. М. Губкина

Email: peskovets.a@gubkin.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0003-9882-1818
Russian Federation, 119991, Москва

Леонид Николаевич Багдасаров

Российский государственный университет нефти и газа (НИУ) имени И. М. Губкина

Email: peskovets.a@gubkin.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0001-8344-5237

к. т. н., доцент

Russian Federation, 119991, Москва

Борис Петрович Тонконогов

Российский государственный университет нефти и газа (НИУ) имени И. М. Губкина

Email: peskovets.a@gubkin.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1141-0120

д. х. н., проф.

Russian Federation, 119991, Москва

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Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
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2. Fig. 1. Structure of typical cations and anions (according to [3]).

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3. Fig. 2. General block diagram of IL production (according to [29]).

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4. Fig. 3. Dicationic alkylammonium ionic liquid with different anions (by [38]).

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5. Fig. 4. Dependence of solubility (a) and density (b) of phosphonium ILs on the structure of alkyl substituents (by [39]).

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6. Fig. 5. Antifriction properties of ILs and other lubricants with different environmental effects (according to [41]).

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7. Fig. 6. Mechanism of tribofilm formation (by [43]): 1 - tribofilm initiation through direct surface reactions to form an oxide intermediate layer, mainly made of iron oxide; 2 - formation of wear products by (2a) collisions with irregularities, followed by (2b) fracture by grinding process; 3 - tribofilm growth by (3a) mechanical deposition, (3b) chemical deposition and (3c) oxygen diffusion.

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