Том 18, № 1 (2025)

The article provides a comparative analysis of the indicators of the number, level and structure of primary disability among the child population with cerebral palsy in Moscow, the Central Federal District (CFD) and the Russian Federation (RF) for eight years of study from 2015 to 2022. The article presents medical and social characteristics of primary disability in the periods 2007-2009 and 2013-2015. The primary disability indicators, which are dynamic characteristics of public health of the child population of Moscow, the Central Federal District, and the Russian Federation, are analyzed. The trends in the decrease in the number of people recognized as disabled for the first time and the level of primary disability in Moscow, the Central Federal District, and the Russian Federation are revealed. In the compared periods in Moscow, the Central Federal District and the Russian Federation, patterns in the structure of cerebral palsy among disabled children are revealed. The use of the data obtained in the study can serve as a basis for the analysis and evaluation of the activities of the bureau of medical and social expertise and medical rehabilitation in modern conditions.

The article analyzes the indicators of disability due to rheumatic heart disease in the Russian Federation in dynamics in 9 years. Its structure is represented on the basis of age and disability groups.

The article is devoted to the problem of disability of the adult population due to aortic valve disease. The results of the study are presented, which revealed the trends in the dynamics, age and gender characteristics of disability due to rheumatic disease of the aortic valve and its non-rheumatic lesion in the adult population of Moscow in the period 2017-2023. It is demonstrated that non-rheumatic genesis of persistent health disorders, in particular, aortic valve stenosis prevails, and age older than the working age is a risk factor for disability due to this pathology.

Acute coronary syndrome in elderly patients is a serious medical and social problem, the relevance of which is increasing in the context of demographic aging of the population. Optimization of antithrombotic therapy in this category of patients is of particular importance, taking into account hemodynamic parameters, age-related changes in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs, the presence of polymorbidity, and an increased risk of hemorrhagic complications. The results of the study demonstrate comparable hemodynamic stability and good tolerability of antiplatelet drugs in different age groups, which is of great practical importance for optimizing therapeutic approaches.

The analysis of problems and achievements of prevention of ophthalmological morbidity among young people in the Russian Federation and the Central Federal District with the analysis of epidemic indicators was conducted. According to the levels of morbidity of ophthalmological pathologies among young people aged 15-17, no obvious decrease in indicators was revealed or their growth was detected. According to the general morbidity, increases over 8 years were detected in 11 regions of the Central Federal District out of 18. Primary prevention of ophthalmological pathologies among young people in the Russian Federation and the regions of the Central Federal District is not implemented sufficiently. Federal monitoring of students is not organized, only regional initiative studies are carried out. Problems of violation of the norms of use of electronic devices by young people are identified. Local educational work is carried out in the regions, which is not of a mass nature. Official standards for preserving the health of young people are being improved, but gaps in the regulations for the use of mobile electronic devices have been identified.

In the article the authors address the issue of undergoing the periodic accreditation procedure for medical workers. The goal is to combine available information about the procedure for undergoing periodic accreditation and, taking into account all changes in legislation, provide recommendations for its completion in 2025. The article provides recommendations for preparing and sending documents to the FAC to undergo the periodic accreditation procedure. The authors believe that: by completing advanced training courses in a timely manner, which are approved and posted on the CME website, as well as following all the recommendations given in the article, it will not be difficult for a medical worker to undergo the periodic accreditation procedure and obtain access to medical practice for the next 5 years.

The article provides a review of the literature on aortic valve damage in elderly patients. Patients with heart valve defects are a large group of patients, mainly the elderly and senile, in whom the development of heart failure is most predictable. Sudden death in patients with valvular pathology is quite common, even in the absence of additional risk factors, so all these patients have a high risk of death, especially with prolonged conservative treatment.

This policy brief provides a detailed examination of research in pediatric dentistry, focusing for the first time on the specific dental health of adolescents with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The state and problems of providing dental care to children with autism spectrum disorders are covered in limited detail in scientific literature. The generally accepted practice of providing dental care for such children is unacceptable. The article presents an analysis of scientific studies devoted to the organization of dental care for children with autism spectrum disorders, identifies the main problems of providing dental care and substantiates the needimprovementsmedical care in the field of "dentistry" for the study group of patients.